Tras días de secretismo, caos y mensajes contradictorios, se han hecho públicos los detalles del texto del memorándum de entendimiento que Estados Unidos ha pactado con Irán, 14 puntos en los que ambos países acuerdan poner fin a las hostilidades iniciadas por Donald Trump y Benjamin Netanyahu el 28 de febrero, reabrir el estratégico estrecho de Ormuz cerrado a consecuencia de la guerra y darse un plazo de dos meses para alcanzar un pacto definitivo sobre el programa nuclear iraní y el levantamiento de sanciones.
elDiario.es ha hablado con cuatro expertos para conocer su visión del acuerdo provisional que ambas partes intentan vender en casa. ¿Quién gana y quién pierde? ¿Es un buen acuerdo para Trump? ¿Pavimenta el camino hacia una paz duradera? ¿Sale Irán más fuerte? Estas son sus respuestas:
Ali Vaez - director del proyecto Irán y asesor principal del presidente en el International Crisis Group
Es prematuro e inútil reducir este momento a narrativas simplistas de “ganadores” y “perdedores”. Aún hay mucha incertidumbre, y las consecuencias reales se juzgarán en función de los acontecimientos que aún se están desarrollando.
Irán ha salido de un conflicto con dos poderosos adversarios, ha ganado nuevas formas de influencia y puede obtener ventajas financieras, pero ahora se enfrenta al reto de gobernar tras meses en pie de guerra, en medio de presiones económicas, descontento público y rivalidades políticas internas. Al mismo tiempo, un líder supremo con relativamente poca experiencia y una élite en constante cambio se enfrentarán a decisiones importantes sobre la continuidad y el cambio, tanto en la política interior como en la exterior.
Un frágil alto el fuego está dando paso a un panorama de posguerra incierto, marcado por un acuerdo cuyos detalles siguen sin estar claros
Para Estados Unidos, el memorando de entendimiento abre una vía para una diplomacia nuclear renovada y comparaciones inevitables con el Plan de Acción Integral Conjunto [JCPOA por sus siglas en inglés, que firmó Barack Obama y que Trump suspendió en 2018], mientras que la participación de mediadores regionales ha potenciado el papel de los actores locales y ha consolidado el reciente acercamiento entre Irán y el Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo (CCG). En última instancia, un frágil alto el fuego está dando paso a un panorama de posguerra incierto, marcado por un acuerdo cuyos detalles siguen sin estar claros, lo que deja muchos resultados clave aún por determinar.
Moussa Bourekba, investigador principal de CIDOB (Barcelona Centre for International Affairs)
No lo veo como un acuerdo de paz, básicamente es un alto al fuego cuyo objetivo es discutir las modalidades de una posible paz entre Irán y Estados Unidos. Una cosa es lo que se comunica, sobre todo por parte de Trump, pero también en este caso por parte de los mediadores, incluso por parte de Irán. Ambas partes tienen interés en proclamar una especie de victoria. Yo creo que no hay victoria definitiva por parte de ninguna de las dos partes, esencialmente porque no se resuelven las cuestiones de fondo.
La cuestión nuclear que forma parte de los motivos por los que Trump inició esta guerra casi no está mencionada. Ahí nadie puede decir que Estados Unidos haya ganado. Pero también con respecto a las sanciones que se van a levantar: es un levantamiento parcial que no llega al umbral que permitiría a Irán superar la crisis económica en la que se encuentra. Es más realista hablar de pausa con vistas a resolver esto de forma diplomática.
No hablaría de victoria absoluta. Pero, si partimos de que era una guerra asimétrica y de que, para Irán, la victoria era sobrevivir y que el régimen no colapsara, Irán ha ganado bajo estos criterios
Esta guerra simboliza el fracaso de la creencia casi religiosa de Trump de que la superioridad militar permite conseguirlo todo, incluso una rendición de Irán. Irán no se ha rendido, más bien sale en una posición de fuerza después de esta guerra. No se ha logrado lo que se pretendía, sino lo contrario. El régimen iraní no ha colapsado; su arsenal militar sigue ahí y su rol en la región sigue ahí. De hecho ha logrado incluir en el acuerdo el alto el fuego entre Libano e Israel, lo que va en contra del objetivo de frenar el rol de Irán en la región y debilitar sus proxies . Tenemos un Irán con un régimen más radical que demostró que el control sobre el Estrecho de Ormuz era un arma casi tan potente como el hecho de tener el arma nuclear. Es inevitable involucrar a Irán en las negociaciones. Y solo por esto, sale en posición de fuerza.
No hablaría de victoria absoluta, porque no se trata de apuntar a ganadores y perdedores. Pero, si partimos de que era una guerra asimétrica y de que, para Irán, la victoria era sobrevivir y que el régimen no colapsara, Irán ha ganado bajo estos criterios, claramente. Esto no quiere decir que no haya sufrido: hubo una campaña de bombardeos tremenda, los daños a la economía son enormes –hay una inflación de dos dígitos…
Read the full article at elDiario.es →📄Source document: Memorandum of Understanding between Iran and the United States
8 reports
elDiario.esIndependentCenter2 days agoThe article discusses an interim agreement between Iran and the United States aimed at ending hostilities initiated by Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu. The deal includes reopening the strategic Strait of Hormuz, halting hostilities, and setting a two-month deadline for a final nuclear agreement and lifting sanctions. The article interviews four experts to analyze the implications of the agreement.
Bias read (Center): The article presents multiple expert opinions without overtly favoring any side. It avoids taking a clear stance on whether the agreement is good or bad, focusing instead on providing balanced perspectives from different analysts. There is no strong ideological framing or biased language.
Official sources cited
- government Memorandum of Understanding between Iran and the United States
elDiario.esIndependentCenter3 days ago These are the 14 points of the agreement between Iran and the USThe article outlines a 14-point agreement between the United States and Iran aimed at ending hostilities. Key points include the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, lifting certain economic sanctions against Iran, and allowing free passage through the strait. The U.S. has committed to lifting maritime blockades on Iranian ports within 30 days. Further negotiations on Iran's nuclear program will take place over the next 60 days, which can be extended by mutual agreement.
Bias read (Center): The article presents the terms of an agreement between two nations without overtly favoring either side. It uses neutral language and provides details of the agreement without apparent bias or editorializing. The content focuses on factual descriptions of the agreement’s provisions rather than any立场
Official sources cited
- government Memorandum of Understanding Between the United States and Iran
elDiario.esIndependentCenter3 days ago Trump and Pezeshkian stamp their signatures and the Iran-US peace deal goes into effect "immediately"The agreement between Iran and the United States has entered into force, though neither country has officially published it. A version of the document was read by a member of the White House and subsequently shared globally. U.S. President Donald Trump acknowledged signing the memorandum of understanding during his visit to Versailles to end the war with Iran. Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian signed the document on Iran's behalf. The agreement requires Tehran to dilute its highly enriched uranium reserves and includes the suspension of sanctions against the country, although not their full
Bias read (Center): The article presents facts without overtly biased language or framing. It reports on the agreement's entry into force, mentions both parties' actions, and outlines key terms of the deal without taking a clear stance or emphasizing one side over the other.
El PaísIndependent🔒Left4 days agoThe article discusses an agreement between Iran and the United States, revealing that Iran will begin lifting restrictions on its oil exports and access to financial services once the preliminary peace agreement is signed. The deal includes provisions allowing Iran to resume trade activities and exit its status as a financial pariah.
Bias read (Left): The article presents the agreement in a manner that emphasizes Iran's economic relief and the removal of sanctions, which aligns with perspectives sympathetic to Iran's position. It highlights the benefits to Iran without providing balanced counterpoints or emphasizing potential concerns from the U.
El PaísIndependent🔒Center6 days ago Live updates on the US and Israel's war against Iran | The international community celebrates the agreement: 'Iran should never obtain a nuclear bomb'The international community has welcomed the agreement announced between the United States and Iran. The governments of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy expressed satisfaction with the Memorandum of Understanding and reaffirmed that Iran must never obtain a nuclear bomb. They also stated their willingness to lift sanctions against Tehran in response to clear and verifiable steps regarding Iran's nuclear program. Spain's foreign minister praised the agreement and thanked the mediators, emphasizing the importance of free and safe navigation through the Strait of Hormuz. He also highlighted the
Bias read (Center): The article reports on an international agreement between the US and Iran without taking a stance or using biased language. It presents statements from multiple countries and officials neutrally.
Official sources cited
- government Statement by the Governments of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy
- government Spanish Foreign Minister Jose Manuel Albares
- government Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz
El PaísIndependent🔒Center7 days ago Live updates on the US and Israel's war against Iran | Trump claims the peace agreement with Iran will be signed Iran claims that a draft agreement with the United States includes suspending Iran's nuclear program and lifting sanctions on Iranian oil. According to an Iranian official, the draft covers issues ranging from Tehran's nuclear program to reopening the Strait of Hormuz and granting exemptions from U.S. oil sanctions. The final agreement would be negotiated over 60 days after both parties approve the initial draft. Key points include Iran immediately reopening the Strait of Hormuz to all commercial ships, the U.S. lifting its naval blockade on Iranian ports, the U.S. committing not to impose new
Bias read (Center): The article presents facts and quotes from an Iranian official without overtly biased language or selective sourcing. It reports on the content of a proposed agreement between Iran and the U.S., providing details without apparent ideological framing.
El MundoIndependent🔒Center9 days agoThe article reports that Iran has ruled out signing an agreement with the United States this Sunday. It mentions JD Vance, who might travel to Geneva to sign the agreement on Sunday, admits that Iran could benefit from lifting sanctions but not immediately 'by signing a document or attending a meeting.'
Bias read (Center): The article presents factual information without overtly biased language or selective sourcing. It reports on Iran's position and mentions a potential U.S. representative without taking a stance.
elDiario.esIndependentRight9 days ago Trump accuses Iran of spreading misinformation about the agreement principleThe President of the United States accuses Iran of spreading false terms regarding a potential agreement. Trump claims that the terms Iran leaked to 'fake news' have nothing to do with the written terms agreed upon. Iran, however, states that the agreement with the U.S. has 'never been this close.' The details Iran is circulating suggest that the White House would concede on several issues raised by Iran, including control over Hormuz and uranium remnants, as well as lifting sanctions, which would represent a diplomatic defeat for Trump following the conflict that began on February 28.
Bias read (Right): The article uses Trump's explicit framing, including his repeated use of 'fake news' to describe media he dislikes, and presents his claim that Iran's reported terms are false. The article does not provide independent verification or counterpoints from other sources, relying heavily on Trump’s own (
Spain