La Cina finanzia gli agricoltori africani ma non la trasformazione e lo stoccaggio degli alimenti: perché è un problema

China has significantly increased its financial commitment to African agriculture over the past two decades, yet its focus appears limited to direct farm improvements while neglecting critical areas such as food processing and storage. According to a detailed analysis by food systems specialist Adrino Mazenda, Chinese state-backed institutions have allocated nearly US$2.26 billion in agricultural loans across Africa since 2000. These funds primarily target farm development, fisheries, irrigation, mechanization, and rural infrastructure. In contrast, investments in agro-processing and storage facilities remain minimal, accounting for just 3% and less than 2%, respectively. The majority of these agricultural loans have gone to Southern African nations including Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique, followed by East African countries such as Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania, and West African states like Nigeria and Ghana. Additionally, Chinese institutions have extended agricultural financing to Egypt. The distribution highlights a regional disparity in the scope of Chinese agricultural investments, with certain parts of Africa receiving greater attention than others. Mazenda’s study reveals that the allocation of agricultural loans is influenced by factors such as project feasibility and the credibility of applicants. This approach prioritizes immediate implementation over long-term strategic planning aimed at transforming entire agricultural sectors. As a result, the investments tend to favor projects that can be quickly realized, often bypassing the need for comprehensive sectoral strategies. Agricultural development in Africa faces unique challenges, including insufficient capital for essential infrastructure such as irrigation systems, storage facilities, and transportation networks. Without these elements, even robust crop production fails to translate into sustainable economic growth or enhanced food security. The lack of investment in post-harvest handling and value addition further limits the potential of agricultural output, leaving many smallholder farmers disconnected from both domestic and international markets. The current model of Chinese agricultural financing underscores a gap in supporting the full spectrum of activities required to build resilient agricultural economies. While improved farm productivity is beneficial, it alone does not ensure systemic transformation. To achieve meaningful progress, additional resources must be directed toward strengthening market linkages, conducting agricultural research, and providing extension services that help farmers access better prices and technologies. Moreover, the absence of substantial investment in storage and processing infrastructure exacerbates vulnerabilities related to food loss and waste. Efficient cold-chain systems and processing facilities could significantly enhance the shelf life of produce, reduce spoilage, and enable higher-value products to reach consumers. These components are vital for ensuring that agricultural outputs contribute effectively to national economies and food security. As African nations continue to seek ways to modernize their agricultural sectors, the role of external development partners becomes increasingly crucial. However, the effectiveness of such partnerships hinges not only on the volume of financial assistance but also on the alignment of investments with the specific needs of each region. The findings from Mazenda’s research suggest that a more holistic and strategically planned approach to agricultural development is necessary to fully leverage the benefits of international aid and foster lasting economic growth in the continent.