États-Unis: le directeur de la Réserve fédérale, M. Warsh, souhaite un " bilan plus mince " de la banque centrale

Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh has outlined his vision for reducing the size of the central bank’s balance sheet, emphasizing the need for a leaner and more efficient portfolio. Speaking before the Senate Banking Committee, Warsh expressed skepticism toward maintaining a permanently expanded balance sheet, even as he acknowledged its potential for expansion during times of crisis. The Federal Reserve currently holds a balance sheet totaling $6.8 trillion, a figure that has grown significantly since the 2008 financial crisis and further ballooned during the pandemic. Warsh stressed that while he would not preempt the findings of a working group examining the Fed's balance sheet, he personally believes the central bank should keep its portfolio as small as possible in practice to facilitate monetary policy operations. “I would prefer a leaner and more efficient balance sheet,” he stated, highlighting the current scale of the Fed’s holdings. He described the balance sheet as a tool of monetary policy, akin to interest rate decisions, and emphasized that any changes would involve careful consideration and transparency. The Fed’s balance sheet has grown substantially over the years, expanding from less than $1 trillion in government securities prior to the 2008 crisis to nearly $9 trillion at one point during the pandemic. This growth was driven by quantitative easing measures aimed at combating recession and supporting the economy during the health emergency. However, Warsh indicated that the process of unwinding such a large balance sheet would take time, noting that it took almost 18 years to reach the current situation. “I am very open to changes,” Warsh said, adding that any reforms would be thoroughly discussed and made public. He assured market participants that they would have ample time to adjust to any modifications. His comments come after similar remarks made the previous day during testimony before the House of Representatives, where he reiterated that changes would not occur abruptly. Warsh emphasized that the Fed holds substantial amounts of long-term Treasury securities and mortgage-backed securities, which would require careful management. “We won’t be able to change this overnight,” he noted, underscoring the complexity of the task ahead. The central bank’s balance sheet has remained largely unchanged for an extended period, with markets accustomed to its continued growth. The discussion around the Fed’s balance sheet comes amid broader debates about the role of central banks in managing economic stability and inflation. While some argue that a larger balance sheet provides flexibility in times of crisis, others contend that maintaining a smaller footprint could enhance the effectiveness of monetary policy tools. Warsh did not specify immediate plans for reductions but signaled that the topic is under active review. The Federal Reserve’s balance sheet has become a focal point for policymakers and economists alike, given its influence on interest rates, inflation, and overall economic conditions. As the central bank navigates the post-pandemic landscape, the question of how best to manage its assets remains a critical issue. Warsh’s statements suggest that while the path forward may be gradual, the direction is clear, toward a more streamlined approach to monetary policy. The Fed’s balance sheet has been a subject of scrutiny for years, particularly as it relates to the central bank’s ability to respond effectively to future crises. With the economy showing signs of resilience, discussions about scaling back the balance sheet have gained renewed attention. Warsh’s openness to reform indicates that the Fed is considering multiple options, though the specifics remain to be determined through ongoing analysis and dialogue.