Trump veut forcer les centres de données à "faire leur propre électricité". La déréglementation fonctionnerait mieux.

President Donald Trump announced a new directive on Wednesday requiring large data centers to generate their own electricity and pay local residents a financial dividend to secure community approval. In a post on Truth Social, the president stated that new and gigantic facilities are mandated to produce their own power and return any surplus to the local grid or community. He advised that if companies wish to make their installations popular, they should pay the community or individuals within it a specific sum. Trump claimed to have observed the process closely, noting that data centers initially viewed with hostility became widely accepted once a financial agreement was reached. He urged developers to make deals and proceed with construction immediately. This announcement marks a distinct shift in the administration’s rhetoric regarding artificial intelligence infrastructure. Just weeks earlier, Trump warned that communities rejecting data centers would risk becoming backwards and poor. In August, he argued that towns wanting success, low taxes, and jobs should embrace the technology, stating that killing the golden goose would be self-inflicted harm. At that time, he described AI and data centers as the greatest economic development engine in history, surpassing oil, gold, diamonds, or the internet. He vowed that destructive forces would not stop progress during his term. However, the political landscape has changed as the November midterm elections approach. Opposition to these projects has grown significantly, uniting voters across party lines due to concerns over electricity and water consumption, rising energy bills, environmental impacts, and proximity to residential areas. Some Republican lawmakers have consequently shifted their stance on the industry to address voter anxiety. The president’s new proposal includes a requirement for data centers to make their own electricity. This directive contrasts with previous statements suggesting that the only reason communities might not want data centers is a desire to remain impoverished. While Trump believes this strategy will boost popularity, critics argue it addresses the wrong problem. Polling indicates that fear of higher energy prices is a primary driver of opposition. However, experts note that generation costs are not the leading factor in increased electricity rates; transmission infrastructure, such as wires and poles, plays a larger role. Regulatory barriers and a lack of competition in building this infrastructure are cited as the main culprits. Travis Fisher, director of Energy and Environmental Policy Studies at the Cato Institute, noted that mandating self-generation is an inefficient method. He explained that if a tech company buys electricity from a power plant owner, that owner often becomes a regulated public utility in most states, even for off-grid transactions. This brings heavy economic scrutiny. Fisher and other advocates prefer a consumer-regulated electricity model allowing large-load customers to connect directly to unregulated producers. Fisher also cautioned that lower production costs do not guarantee lower utility rates for consumers. Even if a data center supplies power matching its demand, the structure of retail rates means prices may not fall. Furthermore, the mandate appears redundant given current industry trends. Many data centers already produce their own power. A report from energy research firm Cleanview showed that operating power capacity dedicated to data centers nearly doubled since June. Capacity under construction has roughly quadrupled. Major technology firms, including Anthropic and Microsoft, have voluntarily pledged to cover consumers' electricity costs associated with their operations. Despite these existing measures, Trump’s social media declaration lacks accompanying legal action, leaving investors and the public uncertain about the actual implementation details. Building power plants requires long-term planning and investments designed to last decades. Fisher criticized the unpredictability of policy changes imposed abruptly via social media, arguing that such instability is detrimental to the sector. Alabama recently released new data center policies, which observers generally view as an improvement over older rules that treated massive facilities like standard industrial operations. However, critics remain unconvinced. Monika Gerhart of the Gulf States Renewable Energy Industries Association stated that the numbers that matter most are still secret. She expressed frustration that key data remains undisclosed despite the new framework. The tension between federal mandates and state-level regulatory gaps continues to complicate the rollout of these facilities. The controversy extends beyond technical issues to broader political dynamics. Data centers fueled by AI have become a flashpoint in communities nationwide. The opposition is driven by tangible local concerns rather than abstract ideological debates. This grassroots resistance has forced politicians to reconsider their positions. What began as a pro-growth initiative focused on job creation and tax revenue has evolved into a complex negotiation involving community compensation and energy independence. The president’s latest posts aim to resolve this friction by offering direct financial incentives to locals. He emphasized that financial deals turn unpopular projects into popular ones. His message to developers was clear: make the deals and build the sites. Investors are watching closely to determine if these social media directives carry legal weight. The absence of formal legislation or executive orders following the Truth Social posts creates uncertainty. Industry leaders are accustomed to stable regulatory environments, and sudden shifts in policy can disrupt multi-year investment cycles. The interplay between federal encouragement and local resistance defines the current landscape. Companies must now navigate a dual expectation: expanding rapidly to meet AI demands while simultaneously securing buy-in from skeptical neighbors through monetary payments and independent power solutions. The outcome of these negotiations will likely shape the future location and acceptance of critical digital infrastructure across the United States.