Une nouvelle étude confirme leur influence sur le déclin des fonctions cérébrales.

A new study has found a concerning link between the consumption of artificial sweeteners and a faster decline in cognitive abilities. Researchers warn that many people mistakenly view these sugar substitutes as entirely healthy alternatives. The findings were published by the American Academy of Neurology, based on data collected over eight years from nearly 13,000 adults in Brazil. Participants, who averaged around 52 years of age, had their mental capacities regularly tested throughout the study period. The research focused on seven commonly used artificial sweeteners, including aspartame, saccharin, and erythritol, which are frequently added to low-calorie foods and beverages marketed as health-conscious choices. The lead researcher, Dr. Claudia Kimie Suemoto, emphasized that individuals often perceive artificial sweeteners as completely safe replacements for sugar. Those consuming the highest amounts, approximately equivalent to one packet of diet soda per day, showed a 62 percent faster decline in thinking and memory skills compared to others. This difference corresponds roughly to an additional 1.6 years of brain aging. Notably, the worst results were recorded among participants under the age of 60. Scientists accounted for other factors such as age, gender, and heart disease during their analysis, yet the disparity remained clear. Despite the alarming statistics, the researchers caution that the study does not prove a direct cause-and-effect relationship. They suggest that individuals who consume larger quantities of artificial sweeteners may also have other unhealthy lifestyle habits. As a result, further investigation is needed to determine whether the observed effects are due to the sweeteners themselves or related to broader patterns of behavior. Scientists are now urgently seeking biological explanations for this connection. One leading theory centers on the communication network between the digestive system and the brain. Artificial sweeteners can alter gut bacteria composition, reducing beneficial microorganisms and triggering inflammation within the body. Another possible explanation involves “metabolic confusion,” where the brain expects caloric intake upon detecting sweetness but receives none, eventually disrupting reward and appetite control centers. Although new findings have emerged, major global regulatory agencies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continue to maintain their stance that approved artificial sweeteners are safe for consumption, provided they are taken within recommended daily limits. These organizations have not revised their positions in light of the latest research.