Mohaka sheep genetics to be stored as wild numbers drop

New Zealand’s rare Mohaka sheep, a feral breed native to the region between Gisborne and Wairoa, are facing a critical decline in their wild population. As their numbers dwindle, conservationists are taking urgent steps to preserve their unique genetic makeup. Only around 300 Mohaka sheep remain in the wild, prompting efforts to store their genetic material for potential future breeding programs. The breed, known for its small size, robust build, and distinctive black-and-white wool, is considered one of the oldest wild sheep breeds in the country. The Mohaka sheep originate from the Mohaka River area and have been recognized in the region for approximately 150 years. Michael Willis of the Rare Breeds Conservation Society emphasized the urgency of preserving the species, noting that little is known about their exact origins or historical significance. “They date back so long and were recognised as being there about 150 years ago,” he said. Recent efforts have focused on freezing the semen of three male Mohaka sheep, a crucial step in safeguarding their genetic diversity. However, the process is far from complete, as the number of available female sheep is extremely limited. Conservationists are now seeking additional Mohaka ewes to expand the genetic pool, though this task is proving increasingly difficult due to the breed’s dwindling numbers. Willis described the situation as a “downhill battle” to save the animals. “We had to step up and get some semen,” he explained. “We still need to get some embryos because they are the last of them.” This effort highlights the precarious position of the Mohaka sheep, which face challenges such as habitat loss and competition with other livestock. Despite their wild nature, Mohaka sheep possess traits that make them resilient and adaptable. They are known for their hardiness, good health, and resistance to parasites. These sheep can thrive on rough or poor-quality land, making them particularly suited to challenging environments. However, even after domestication, they retain their wild instincts, requiring secure fencing to prevent escape. Farmers interested in raising Mohaka sheep are encouraged to provide both time and adequate pasture space, according to Willis. The Mohaka sheep are just one of several feral sheep populations found across New Zealand. The Rare Breeds Conservation Society identifies 12 distinct feral sheep groups within the country, each with its own characteristics and ecological roles. The preservation of these breeds is vital for maintaining biodiversity and ensuring the survival of unique genetic lines that have adapted over generations to specific environmental conditions. Efforts to conserve the Mohaka sheep involve collaboration between conservation organizations, local communities, and individual farmers. While the current focus is on securing genetic material through semen and embryo storage, long-term strategies will require sustained commitment and resources. The success of these initiatives will depend on the willingness of stakeholders to participate in breeding programs and habitat protection measures. As the Mohaka sheep population continues to shrink, the race against time intensifies. Conservationists stress the importance of acting swiftly to prevent the extinction of this ancient breed. With only a few hundred individuals remaining, the window for intervention is narrowing, and the outcome hinges on coordinated action and continued support from all involved parties.