Le géant pétrolier américain Chevron va étendre ses activités au Venezuela

Venezuela's interim President Delcy Rodriguez declared that the nation maintains its sovereignty despite entering into a landmark agreement with the United States that involves granting access to nearly 65 billion barrels of its oil reserves. The deal, which was announced earlier this month, allows U.S. firms to participate in developing Venezuela’s energy sector while retaining control of its natural resources. Rodriguez made these remarks during a televised speech on Saturday, emphasizing that the arrangement aims to revitalize the country’s oil industry, which has suffered from years of decline due to economic sanctions and mismanagement. The agreement outlines a 25-year partnership that includes the development of 17 strategic oil fields, with an initial goal of producing 1.5 million barrels per day. Additionally, eight new oil blocks will be explored as part of a broader effort to expand Venezuela’s energy capacity. Under the terms of the deal, $19 from each barrel of oil sold to the United States will go directly to Caracas, potentially generating up to $209 billion annually, depending on global oil prices. Rodriguez stated that the arrangement ensures Venezuela keeps ownership of its resources while benefiting from foreign capital, technology, and operational expertise to rebuild its oil sector. The deal follows a series of developments beginning in January, when U.S. special forces reportedly removed then-President Nicolas Maduro from power and transferred leadership to Rodriguez. Since then, Venezuela has faced mounting pressure to align with Washington’s demands, culminating in the recent agreement. According to reports, Venezuelan officials are set to sign formal agreements next week that will grant new oil exploration and production rights to multiple international firms, including U.S.-based Chevron. These agreements are expected to significantly boost the country’s oil output and attract substantial foreign investment. Chevron, the sole major U.S. oil company currently operating in Venezuela, announced plans to increase its production capacity to 600,000 barrels per day over the next five years. This expansion includes investing more than $7 billion in its Venezuela joint ventures, particularly in the Orinoco Belt, one of the country’s richest oil regions. Chevron’s CEO, Mike Wirth, emphasized the company’s confidence in Venezuela’s resource potential and its ability to secure long-term investments. The company’s new projects will leverage existing infrastructure, reducing development costs to below $20 per barrel. Other international firms, such as Italian energy company ENI, investor KEO Capital, and energy firm Primavera, co-founded by billionaire Fred Ehrsam, are also expected to sign energy agreements in Venezuela shortly. These deals are part of a larger initiative to modernize the country’s energy sector following a sweeping oil reform passed in January. U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright, who recently visited Caracas, is anticipated to oversee the signing of these contracts alongside Venezuela’s oil minister, Paula Henao. The U.S. has been pushing for increased energy investments in Venezuela since the removal of Maduro, proposing a $100 billion reconstruction plan aimed at revitalizing the country’s energy infrastructure. While Chevron has maintained a continuous presence in Venezuela for over a century, other major U.S. oil companies like ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips left the country in 2007 after their assets were nationalized under the previous administration led by President Hugo Chavez. Chevron, however, continues to operate through three joint ventures in the country, including Petroindependencia and Petropiar, both based in the Orinoco Belt. Venezuela holds the world’s largest proven oil reserves, yet its current production stands at around 1.25 million barrels per day, far below the peak of over 3 million barrels per day achieved two decades ago. With the new agreements, Venezuela’s total oil output is projected to rise to 2 million barrels per day by the end of the decade. The success of these initiatives will depend on sustained investment, political stability, and effective implementation of the reforms introduced earlier this year.