Les États-Unis ont enquêté sur un complot d'espionnage chinois visant le PDG de Nvidia

U.S. intelligence agencies concluded that a Chinese businesswoman with close ties to Nvidia Chief Executive Officer Jensen Huang acted as a spy for Beijing, according to a report published Thursday by The New York Times. The official, identified as Alice Huang, also known as Huang Le, served as a top executive at Megaspeed, a Singapore-based data center company. Authorities determined that she passed commercial information to Chinese intelligence services while cultivating a personal relationship with the Nvidia leader. The revelations have intensified anxieties regarding the protection of American industrial secrets amidst a fierce global competition in artificial intelligence. Huang, who is unrelated to the Nvidia CEO, was under electronic surveillance by American agencies for approximately one year. During this period, investigators monitored her movements and communications to assess her connections to China. The surveillance revealed that she frequently dined with Huang and other business figures in the Singapore region. Officials grew concerned that her proximity to the Nvidia executive allowed her to gather insights into the company’s strategic plans. Specifically, agents feared she was collecting data on Huang’s ongoing efforts to persuade the current administration to permit the shipment of more advanced technology to China. Despite these findings, President Donald Trump reportedly took no action after receiving a briefing on the intelligence roughly a year ago. Sources indicated that the president was wary of disrupting Nvidia’s chip sales, which significantly contribute to the domestic economy and stock market performance. He also sought to avoid further complications in the broader trading relationship with China. White House officials expressed alarm over the extent of Huang’s access to the Nvidia CEO, particularly given the close partnership the two men have developed as the United States strives to maintain its lead in AI development. Nvidia strongly rejected the notion that its CEO was compromised. Spokesman John Rizzo stated that the company had investigated and debunked such claims. He emphasized that Huang’s interactions with the Megaspeed executive were standard professional engagements. “Meetings with customers are part of a C.E.O.’s job; Jensen talks with thousands of customer executives every year,” Rizzo said in an emailed statement. The company maintained that regional cloud customers like Megaspeed receive only ordinary business information. They asserted that no sensitive Nvidia trade secrets or information relevant to national security were ever shared. Megaspeed itself responded to the allegations by hiring outside legal counsel to conduct an internal review. The company pledged full cooperation with U.S. authorities. Meanwhile, the Chinese Embassy in Washington dismissed the accusations as groundless smears and slanders. The diplomatic response underscored the tension surrounding the incident, though no further details were provided regarding specific counter-claims. The suspicion toward Megaspeed predates the latest intelligence findings. As early as late 2024, the Commerce Department began investigating the firm over concerns that it was assisting Chinese entities in bypassing strict export controls on AI chips. By 2025, reports emerged that the department had scrutinized the company for reselling restricted hardware. This year, the case was transferred to the Department of Justice. Separately, a tech CEO was arrested this month for allegedly smuggling more than $300 million worth of Nvidia chips to China, highlighting the scale of illicit trade in the sector. Huang’s influence within the U.S. government has grown substantially during the current administration. He has successfully lobbied to roll back tighter restrictions on chip sales to China. Additionally, he negotiated a framework allowing the U.S. government to hold a 25 percent stake in certain Nvidia chips approved for sale to Beijing. At one point, when a ban on sales was under consideration, Huang and his wife traveled to Mar-a-Lago to argue for continued business opportunities with China. Following these negotiations, Nvidia donated at least $20 million to a presidential initiative and pledged a $500 billion investment in domestic manufacturing. The intelligence community remains uncertain about the exact nature of the information Huang transmitted to Beijing. It is not yet clear if she accessed highly sensitive technical data or merely general corporate strategy. Furthermore, Huang himself did not receive a defensive briefing warning him of the potential threat posed by the Megaspeed executive. Surveillance of Huang continues, and records show that companies affiliated with her have continued purchasing Nvidia chips throughout the current year. Legal experts noted that the volume of recent cases involving trade secrets and espionage is overwhelming. One attorney specializing in the field described the situation as akin to drinking from a firehose. The FBI is currently considering economic espionage charges against a former Saudi employee of OpenAI, illustrating how widespread these concerns have become across major AI laboratories. The convergence of high-level political relationships, massive financial stakes, and aggressive foreign intelligence collection has created a complex environment for protecting proprietary technology. The dispute highlights the friction between national security protocols and commercial interests in the semiconductor industry. While the U.S. government aims to deny China access to technologies that could enable it to surpass American capabilities in AI, the flow of goods and information remains difficult to control completely. The involvement of a private individual embedded in both the corporate and political spheres adds a layer of complexity to enforcement efforts. Authorities continue to evaluate the evidence gathered during the year-long surveillance operation to determine if criminal charges will be filed. For now, the focus remains on the integrity of the supply chain and the vetting processes used by major tech firms. The incident serves as a focal point for debates on how much trust can be placed in international partners operating within the U.S. market. As investigations proceed, attention will likely shift to the specific mechanisms used to transfer data and the extent of any damage caused to American competitive advantages. The outcome of the Justice Department’s review will shape future policies on cross-border data flows and executive travel.