Encore un problème avant l'hiver: les prix de l'énergie montent en flèche

Energy prices have surged to unprecedented levels ahead of winter, sending shockwaves through global markets. The recent escalation of tensions between the United States and Iran has reignited fears of energy shortages, with European gas prices reaching their highest level in three years. On Wednesday morning, Brent crude oil prices hit approximately $95 per barrel in London, marking a six-point increase over the past week. Meanwhile, European diesel prices have climbed nearly five percent each day during the last three trading days, with both diesel and gasoline now surpassing $350 per barrel in Europe and exceeding $150 per barrel in the U.S. The discrepancy between raw oil prices and final fuel costs highlights a growing concern among economists. While the price of crude oil serves as a benchmark for inflationary pressures related to energy, experts argue that current conditions suggest this approach may underestimate the true impact. This is due to a growing shortage of refined fuels, which requires processing in refineries. Even with sufficient crude oil supplies, if refineries cannot produce enough diesel, gasoline, and other derivatives, the cost of finished fuels can diverge significantly from the cost of the raw material. This situation is currently unfolding across the globe. The primary trigger for the latest surge in energy prices is Iran. Over the past three days, U.S. forces launched two waves of attacks targeting Iranian radar systems and mine-laying capabilities along the southern coast of Iran. According to some reports, the campaign was expanded to include attacks on Iranian oil tankers. President Donald Trump warned that further operations could follow. In response, Iran retaliated with drone and missile strikes against U.S. bases in the Middle East, claiming targets in Kuwait, Jordan, Bahrain, Iraq, and the United Arab Emirates. Particularly concerning is the ongoing conflict in the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most critical energy corridors. Iran has once again targeted maritime traffic in the strait, which previously accounted for roughly a fifth of global oil and liquefied natural gas exports. The six-month-long conflict between Washington and Tehran has already severely disrupted energy shipments through the region. Although alternative pipelines and export channels from Saudi Arabia and the UAE have mitigated some of these disruptions, the latest escalation raises concerns about potential further interruptions. At the same time, another war is exacerbating the global fuel supply crisis. Ukraine has intensified its attacks on Russian refineries using drones, according to Bloomberg. These attacks, described as unprecedented in scale, have limited Russia's production and distribution of refined fuels, including diesel. Combined with the reduced output from Iranian refineries affected by the conflict, the result is mounting pressure on the global supply of gasoline and diesel. For Europe, the timing of this energy crisis is particularly dire. Countries must urgently begin filling gas storage facilities ahead of the upcoming heating season. However, current storage levels stand at just 65 percent capacity, far below the recommended threshold for winter preparedness. With both regional conflicts and geopolitical tensions continuing to disrupt energy flows, the outlook for stable pricing and reliable supply remains uncertain. As the winter approaches, the challenge for policymakers will be to secure additional reserves and diversify energy sources to mitigate the risk of prolonged shortages.