La panique de l'intelligence artificielle: Google a perdu 500 milliards de dollars en une seule journée

New York stock markets closed in the red on Thursday, driven primarily by a historic plunge in shares of Alphabet, the parent company of Google. Investors reacted negatively to the tech giant’s third-quarter earnings report, which revealed slower growth in its core search advertising business and massive capital expenditures related to artificial intelligence infrastructure. The sell-off triggered renewed anxieties among market participants regarding the profitability of companies investing heavily in AI systems. Alphabet shares suffered their steepest one-day percentage decline in more than two decades of trading history. The stock dropped approximately 12.6 percent, finishing the session near $284 per share. Early in trading, the decline had reached 13.2 percent, with the share price touching $279.43 just five minutes after the opening bell. This sharp devaluation erased roughly $500 billion in market value for the company in a single day. Only one other US corporation has experienced a larger single-day loss in market value: chipmaker Nvidia shed approximately $593 billion in January 2025 following the rise of the Chinese AI model DeepSeek. The broader market reflected the sentiment shift, with all three major US stock indices ending in negative territory despite stronger-than-expected US economic growth data released earlier in the week. Microsoft shares also edged down by 0.5 percent, influenced by media reports that the software maker plans to raise at least $25 billion through its first US investment-grade bond sale in over nine years. Although Microsoft recently delivered strong cash-flow results and forecast robust cloud growth, the sector-wide mood remained cautious. Alphabet generated total revenues of $127.6 billion for the third quarter, representing a 25 percent increase year-over-year. However, these figures fell slightly below analyst expectations. More concerning for shareholders was the deceleration in search revenue, a primary driver of the company’s profits. Search income rose by 12 percent to $63.4 billion, a notable slowdown from the 17 percent growth recorded in the previous quarter. Philipp Schindler, Alphabet’s chief operating officer, acknowledged that the increased usage of the company’s AI Mode contributed to the slower growth in advertising revenue. In this mode, users receive direct answers to queries via the Gemini AI system instead of traditional lists of web links. Currently, this format generates less advertising revenue than the classic search interface. Investors fear that the integration of AI into the search engine could undermine the business model that built Google’s success. Spending on AI infrastructure remains a central point of contention. Alphabet allocated $51.4 billion to capital investments in the third quarter, largely directed toward building data centers and other technological infrastructure. Consequently, the company recorded a negative free cash flow of $9.1 billion, worsening from a deficit of $5.9 billion in the prior quarter. These investment outlays exceeded the cash generated by operations. Anat Ashkenazi, Alphabet’s chief financial officer, indicated that the company does not intend to scale back its ambitions. She projected that total capital investments for the current year would range between $195 billion and $205 billion, with figures expected to increase significantly next year. Analysts noted that such debt-fueled spending becomes harder to justify as borrowing costs climb. One analyst observed that capital providers are tightening terms on AI debt deals, signaling a growing awareness of the risks associated with the AI trade. Despite the overall disappointment, Alphabet’s Google Cloud division posted impressive results. Revenues in this segment doubled, surging 103 percent to a record $30.7 billion. However, this exceptional growth was insufficient to calm investor nerves. Dave Wagner, who commented on the market reaction, stated that in a market worried about AI undermining Google’s fundamental business, investors need to see accelerating search growth rather than a slowdown. Other voices expressed similar concerns about the sustainability of current valuations. Anders Bylund, a tech analyst, warned that positive AI effects must persist for years, or investors in Alphabet and other hyperscalers will reassess their valuations as bottom-line profits fade. Another analyst noted that the earnings miss heightened fears that AI agents might capture market share from search and YouTube, damaging the narrative around AI monetization. A Wall Street executive remarked that while some might not call recent strategies foolish, market participants have quickly become more discerning about the risks involved in the AI boom.