Sur cette colline de Cisjordanie, une bataille sur le passé déterminera qui contrôle l'avenir.

On a remote hilltop near Nablus in the occupied West Bank, a dispute over land and history is intensifying, with implications stretching beyond archaeology into the broader Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The contested area includes Sebastia, an ancient city believed to be the biblical Samaria, which holds immense cultural and religious significance. Over the past year, Israel has taken steps to acquire approximately 500 acres of privately owned Palestinian land surrounding Sebastia, allocating $10 million to transform the site into a tourist destination. This move has sparked a counter-effort by the Palestinian Authority, which seeks urgent recognition of Sebastia as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, currently under consideration in South Korea. Sebastia's history dates back at least 3,000 years, with evidence of its existence during the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, and Crusader eras. Local traditions also associate the site with the burial place of John the Baptist. Today, the region is divided under different administrative jurisdictions. The archaeological mound itself lies within Area C of the West Bank, fully controlled by Israel under the Oslo Accords, while the surrounding town and its tourism infrastructure fall under Area B, governed jointly by Israeli and Palestinian authorities. This division has created tension among locals, many of whom rely on tourism and agriculture for their livelihoods. Residents of Sebastia have expressed concerns that recent land seizures threaten their access to the archaeological site. Zaid Azhari, a local tourism developer and leader of the "Save Sebastia" campaign, emphasized the emotional and economic stakes involved. He described the site as both a personal and communal treasure, stating that losing access to it would be akin to losing a child. Azhari warned that the confiscation order could severely impact the town’s economy, affecting everything from tourism to olive harvesting. The Israeli government's efforts to assert control over Sebastia are part of a larger initiative known as "Road, Land, Heritage," launched by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's right-wing administration. Since 2023, this program has received over 250 million shekels ($82 million) in funding, focusing on sites with Jewish historical significance such as Hebron’s Cave of the Patriarchs and Herodium. Heritage Minister Amichai Eliyahu, representing the far-right Otzma Yehudit party, has advocated for the establishment of a "West Bank Heritage Authority" to transfer archaeological oversight from the military’s Civil Administration to his ministry. However, reports suggest that Netanyahu has delayed this proposal due to potential international backlash. The situation reflects deeper tensions over historical narratives and territorial claims in the region. For Palestinians, Sebastia represents a vital link to their heritage and identity, while Israelis see it as a symbol of Jewish antiquity and continuity. The competing bids for UNESCO recognition underscore the geopolitical dimensions of cultural heritage, with each side seeking validation of their historical claims. As the debate unfolds, the outcome could influence not only the fate of Sebastia but also the broader dynamics of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.