Les Coupes du monde au Maroc et en Arabie Saoudite suscitent des inquiétudes sur les droits de l'homme

Moroccan and Saudi World Cups draw human rights concerns The upcoming 2030 and 2034 FIFA World Cups, hosted by Morocco and Saudi Arabia respectively, have sparked renewed scrutiny over human rights issues in both nations. Ahead of these high-profile tournaments, activists and legal experts have raised alarms about the treatment of LGBTQ+ individuals in the two countries, particularly regarding the legality of same-sex relationships. Morocco criminalizes same-sex sexual activity, while Saudi Arabia classifies such acts as offenses under Islamic law. Despite submissions from both nations outlining plans to mitigate human rights risks, critics argue that these proposals fall short of ensuring protections for queer fans. Both Morocco and Saudi Arabia submitted detailed human rights strategies as part of their World Cup bid processes. These documents outline steps intended to align national policies with international human rights standards. However, neither explicitly addresses discrimination based on sexual orientation. Morocco's plan mentions encouraging the government to ratify key international conventions, though it does not specify LGBTQ+ rights. Similarly, Saudi Arabia's proposal states that its legislation and practices will align with international anti-discrimination agreements, without making direct reference to LGBTQ+ inclusion. FIFA, the governing body of international football, has been urged to ensure that queer fans are not subject to prosecution during the tournaments. Steve Cockburn, head of labor rights and sports at Amnesty International, emphasized that while FIFA cannot dictate national laws, it can leverage its influence to create safer environments for all attendees. This call comes amid past controversies involving FIFA's handling of similar issues, including the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, where the organization faced backlash for enforcing rules against displaying rainbow symbols and for failing to address broader human rights concerns. In response to growing pressure, the FIFA Congress, composed of member federations, approved both Morocco and Saudi Arabia’s bids without opposition. Neither FIFA nor the embassies of Saudi Arabia and Morocco in Washington, D.C., responded to requests for comment. Meanwhile, Cockburn noted that his organization had previously criticized both nations' human rights strategies, highlighting ongoing concerns related to worker rights and lack of minimum wage protections in Saudi Arabia. Advocacy groups warn that the presence of the World Cup in these countries could lead to increased skepticism among LGBTQ+ communities toward FIFA’s commitment to human rights. They stress that transparency and proactive measures are essential to prevent situations where fans might face legal repercussions. The tourism ministries of both nations have stated that visitors are welcomed and encouraged to respect local customs and laws, though they have not addressed specific protections for LGBTQ+ travelers. As preparations for the 2030 and 2034 World Cups intensify, the debate over FIFA’s role in safeguarding human rights continues to evolve. With the global spotlight on these nations, the challenge lies in balancing cultural sensitivities with the need for inclusive and safe spaces for all attendees. The outcome of these discussions will likely shape the future of international football and its engagement with human rights issues.