Au Nicaragua, le président Ortega interdit les élections une nouvelle page dans le manuel autoritaire

President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua has announced the indefinite suspension of national elections, marking a dramatic shift toward consolidating power under an authoritarian framework. Speaking during a ceremony commemorating the 1979 revolution that ended decades of U.S.-backed dictatorships, Ortega declared that “the days when parties backed by the Yankees and the Somocistas would return to power are over, never again.” This move comes amid ongoing efforts to rewrite the nation’s electoral laws, with legislative proposals currently under consideration. Ortega, who first rose to prominence as a revolutionary leader during the overthrow of the Somoza dynasty, has held the presidency since 2007. His tenure has been characterized by repeated constitutional amendments that have expanded executive authority and weakened institutional checks on power. The latest decree effectively removes the possibility of competitive elections, a step that aligns Nicaragua with a small group of non-democratic states that maintain formal electoral systems without genuine political pluralism. These include absolute monarchies such as Saudi Arabia and Brunei, as well as the one-party state of Eritrea, where the ruling party monopolizes political life. Modern autocrats often adopt a dual strategy: maintaining a veneer of democracy while ensuring their grip on power remains unchallenged. This approach, referred to as “spin dictatorship,” involves orchestrating elections that appear fair but are structured to favor the incumbent. Such tactics include limiting access for opposition candidates, influencing judicial outcomes, and controlling media narratives. While some autocrats have managed to retain power despite occasional electoral losses, the tools available to incumbents are typically designed to ensure continuity rather than contestation. Elections, however, serve purposes beyond mere symbolism. They offer rulers critical insights into the distribution of support and potential unrest within society. By observing voting patterns, governments can identify regions where dissent may emerge and allocate resources accordingly. Additionally, elections help leaders assess the loyalty of their allies, identifying individuals capable of mobilizing large segments of the population. Even when results are manipulated, the act of holding elections can weaken opposition morale and reinforce the perception of legitimacy. Despite these strategic benefits, Ortega's decision to eliminate elections entirely represents a departure from conventional authoritarian practices. While many regimes stage elections to maintain a semblance of legality, the complete removal of electoral processes signals a more radical commitment to centralized control. This approach echoes historical precedents, such as the Soviet Union under Stalin, where elections were abolished to eliminate political rivals and consolidate power. The move has drawn international condemnation, with human rights organizations and diplomatic bodies expressing concern over the erosion of democratic norms. Meanwhile, domestic critics argue that the decision undermines Nicaragua’s fragile political stability and risks further alienating the populace. As legislative debates continue, the future trajectory of Nicaraguan governance remains uncertain, with the ruling party poised to reshape the nation’s political landscape according to its own vision.