Guerre de l’IA : l’empire américain contre-attaque face à la menace des robots chinois

The United States has imposed a new ban on the importation of “advanced robotic devices” produced abroad, marking a sharp escalation in its efforts to counter China’s growing dominance in artificial intelligence technology. The decision, announced by the Trump administration on July 28, adds these items to a list of restricted goods, reflecting the intensifying rivalry between the two nations over control of AI innovation. While the official statement does not explicitly target China, the move is widely interpreted as a direct challenge to Beijing's expanding influence in robotics and AI-driven automation. According to reports from French media outlet France 24 and American network CNN, Chinese manufacturers have already supplied more than 90% of global robot production by 2025. Companies such as Unitree, Agibot, UBTech, and Galbot lead this emerging market, surpassing American firm Figure AI and German company Agile Robots. These firms specialize in advanced robotics capable of performing complex tasks, often integrating sophisticated artificial intelligence systems into their designs. The U.S. government claims that these devices pose a threat to national security due to their ability to operate autonomously and respond to external stimuli through embedded sensors. China has swiftly condemned the U.S. action, accusing it of unfairly targeting its companies and damaging their international reputation. The Chinese government warned that it would take all necessary measures to respond to the sanctions, indicating a potential retaliatory response. This stance reflects the broader geopolitical tensions surrounding AI development, with both nations seeking to secure strategic advantages in the field. U.S. officials justify the ban under the pretext of protecting national security, arguing that advanced robotic systems developed by foreign entities could pose risks in sensitive environments such as government facilities or military installations. According to experts from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, these so-called “embodied AI” systems, where large language models like ChatGPT or DeepSeek-1 are integrated into physical forms, can react independently to sensory inputs. They can appear in humanoid shapes, quadrupedal forms, aerial drones, or autonomous vehicles, making them versatile tools for both civilian and military applications. Valentin Weber, a specialist in Chinese technological strategies at the German Council on Foreign Relations, explains that the U.S. approach favors broad restrictions over nuanced regulations. He notes that while the U.S. could have imposed targeted restrictions on specific types of Chinese-made robots, it opted instead for a general prohibition, aligning with its tendency to simplify regulatory processes through sweeping bans. This strategy, however, may inadvertently hinder U.S. access to cutting-edge robotic innovations that could otherwise benefit domestic industries. The U.S. move also serves to exert pressure on China’s rapidly advancing AI sector, which has been a key priority for Beijing. By restricting imports of advanced robotics, Washington aims to limit China’s ability to leverage these technologies for economic and military gains. Meanwhile, Chinese officials continue to emphasize the importance of open markets and fair competition, rejecting accusations of unfair trade practices. As the situation develops, both sides are likely to escalate their efforts to shape the future of AI technology on a global scale.