"Plus grand que la révolution industrielle": 2000 économistes signent une mise en garde contre l'IA

More than 2000 economists have signed an open letter warning of the transformative impact of artificial intelligence on the global economy, comparing its potential effects to those of the Industrial Revolution. The statement, titled “We Must Act Now,” was organized by the Stanford Digital Economy Lab and includes signatures from Nobel laureates, leading academics, and figures within the AI industry itself. It highlights concerns over rapid technological change, job displacement, and the need for immediate policy action to ensure AI benefits society broadly rather than exacerbating inequality. The letter warns that AI could become “radically more powerful” within the next decade, triggering a transformation of the global economy that would surpass even the scale of the Industrial Revolution. However, this shift would occur over a much shorter time frame, posing risks such as mass unemployment while offering opportunities for substantial improvements in living standards. The authors argue that economists, policymakers, and technology leaders must act swiftly to understand the economic implications of transformative AI and establish incentives, guardrails, and institutions that guide its development in ways that complement human capabilities and serve societal interests. The initiative began with 200 signatories, including 16 Nobel Prize winners, and has since grown to include more than 2300 names. Among them are prominent economists such as Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson, both recipients of the 2024 Economics Nobel Prize along with James Robinson. These scholars had previously expressed skepticism about the pace and magnitude of AI’s disruption to labor markets. Acemoglu, according to the New York Times, acknowledged his lingering doubts about whether AI will develop as rapidly as some predict, but recent breakthroughs have heightened his concern, particularly regarding the impact on workers. Other notable signatories include Yoshua Bengio, a leading figure in AI research and a Nobel laureate, as well as Michael Spence, Christopher Pissarides, David Autor, and Lawrence Katz, key voices in labor economics. The list also features individuals directly involved in the AI industry, such as Sarah Friar, finance chief of OpenAI; Jeff Dean, chief scientist at Google DeepMind; and Jack Clark, co-founder of Anthropic. This mix of academic researchers, policymakers, and industry insiders underscores the broad consensus around the urgency of addressing AI’s economic consequences. Erik Brynjolfsson, one of the organizers behind the letter, emphasized the need for steering AI toward widespread prosperity rather than concentrating benefits among a small group. He posted on LinkedIn that AI should be guided to create wealth for many, not just a few. Similarly, Bill Gates shared the statement on social media, signaling support from influential business leaders. The letter reflects a growing recognition among experts that AI’s trajectory is accelerating faster than anticipated. Many who once viewed AI as a gradual force of change now acknowledge its potential for rapid disruption. This shift in perspective comes amid increasing public and political attention on AI governance, regulatory frameworks, and ethical considerations surrounding its deployment. Acemoglu noted that while he still questions whether AI will progress as quickly as some claim, recent developments have amplified his worries about the displacement of jobs and the broader economic upheaval that could follow. His willingness to endorse the letter marks a significant departure from earlier skepticism, indicating that even long-time doubters are beginning to see the gravity of the situation. As the debate over AI’s role in shaping the future intensifies, the call for coordinated action continues to gain momentum. With thousands of experts endorsing the need for proactive measures, the focus now shifts to how governments, businesses, and academia can collaborate to manage the transition effectively. The challenge lies in balancing innovation with safeguards that protect workers, ensure equitable distribution of benefits, and prevent AI from becoming a tool of exclusion rather than inclusion.