De la forêt aux arbres, les caméras révèlent la faune cachée du bassin du Congo

In the dense heart of the Democratic Republic of Congo’s Lomami National Park, researchers have unveiled a new dimension of wildlife observation using infrared cameras placed from the forest floor to the canopy. The study, led by Florida Atlantic University scientists, has produced a detailed 3D map of mammalian activity, offering insights into how different species interact across varying heights in the forest. The findings, published in the Journal of Mammalogy, highlight the complexity of biodiversity in the Congo Basin and provide critical data for conservation efforts. The project began with the deployment of infrared cameras at multiple vertical levels within the forest, an innovative approach designed to capture the full spectrum of mammalian life. Cameras were positioned on the ground, in the understory, and in the canopy, allowing researchers to observe species that would otherwise remain unseen. Over time, these devices recorded thousands of hours of footage, capturing rare behaviors and previously undocumented species interactions. Among the highlights was the first known camera-trap recording of the elusive black-bellied pangolin, a critically endangered animal heavily targeted by illegal trade. The study identified 47 mammal taxa, encompassing primates, carnivores, rodents, and even-toed ungulates such as red river hogs. Notably, eight species were observed beyond their previously documented ranges, suggesting potential shifts in distribution due to environmental changes or human impact. These discoveries underscore the need for updated range assessments and expanded conservation strategies. The researchers also noted that while ground-level cameras captured much of the mammalian diversity, they failed to detect many arboreal species, emphasizing the importance of studying the upper layers of the forest. One of the most surprising findings was the preference of 25% of arboreal mammals for the understory, a layer often overlooked in traditional ecological studies. This suggests that the middle stratum of the forest plays a crucial role in supporting diverse wildlife, especially in regions where vegetation is dense and intertwined with vines. The study’s methodology, involving both trained researchers and local volunteers, enabled the team to process and analyze the extensive video footage efficiently. Daniel Alempijevic, the lead author of the study, described the logistical challenges of deploying cameras throughout the canopy. His training in climbing techniques, gained during a visit to Panama, proved invaluable for navigating the complex terrain of Lomami National Park. “The cameras allowed us to monitor different vertical layers simultaneously,” he explained. “This approach revealed how closely related species coexist in the same space, sometimes in ways that challenge our understanding of ecological niches.” At the Bartho survey site, the team documented at least 10 primate species and observed unusual interactions between bats and other mammals. High-resolution footage also captured rare behaviors, such as bats investigating fruits in the canopy and small insectivorous bats approaching larger animals, potentially feeding on insects drawn to them. Beyond mammals, the cameras recorded over 1,500 bird events, showcasing the dynamic interplay between avian and terrestrial life in the forest. As the researchers continue to analyze the collected data, they hope to refine their methods and expand the scope of their work. The study represents a significant step forward in understanding the intricate relationships within the Congo Basin’s ecosystems, offering valuable information for policymakers and conservationists working to protect this vital region. The findings will likely influence future surveys and contribute to broader discussions on biodiversity preservation in one of the world’s most ecologically rich areas.