Les baleines franches menacées d'extinction pourraient attendre près d'une décennie pour que les États-Unis leur accordent une nouvelle protection.

Endangered North Atlantic right whales may face another decade without new federal protections, according to a legislative proposal recently approved by a key congressional committee. The measure, backed by the fishing and lobster industries, aims to extend a current moratorium on implementing additional safeguards for the critically endangered species until 2035. This follows a similar pause imposed by the federal government in 2022, which was initially set to expire in 2028. The House Natural Resources Committee passed the extension on July 15, with bipartisan support, setting the stage for a potential vote in the Republican-controlled Congress later this year. Environmental advocates argue that the delay puts the survival of the remaining 380 right whales at risk. These animals, which once thrived along the East Coast, have suffered a dramatic decline over the past two decades. Their population dropped by approximately 25% between 2010 and 2020, despite a slight recovery in recent years. Numbers still lag far behind the estimated 480 whales present in 2010. Conservationists warn that continued inaction will lead to further losses, particularly given the ongoing threats posed by entanglement in fishing gear and collisions with vessels. The proposed extension of the moratorium has drawn sharp criticism from environmental organizations. Gib Brogan, senior campaign director for Oceana, accused lawmakers of ignoring overwhelming scientific evidence and failing to act decisively. He noted that the decision to delay protections mirrors previous inaction, suggesting that legislators are shifting responsibility onto future administrations. Meanwhile, the fishing industry maintains that existing regulations are adequate and that extending the moratorium will not compromise current conservation efforts. Beth Casoni, executive director of the Massachusetts Lobstermen’s Association, emphasized that the current framework remains intact and that the legislation does not weaken protections for the whales. Support for the moratorium comes from both Democratic and Republican representatives, including U.S. Rep. Jared Golden of Maine and Rep. Mike Lawler of New York. Golden, who represents a district heavily reliant on the fishing industry, argued that the delay allows for more research into effective protection strategies. “Mainers are not asking for much. We just need more time,” he stated, highlighting the economic concerns of local communities that fear stricter regulations could threaten their livelihoods. The fishing sector contends that it already adheres to some of the strictest conservation practices globally. Industry leaders assert that additional rules could impose unsustainable costs and potentially force many out of business. They point to measures such as seasonal closures, gear modifications, and monitoring programs as examples of existing efforts to reduce harm to whales. However, environmentalists counter that these measures have proven insufficient, citing the persistent deaths of right whales due to entanglements and ship strikes. Scientists have identified multiple factors contributing to the decline of the right whale population. In addition to direct threats from human activities, the impact of climate change on ocean temperatures and food availability poses long-term risks. Warmer waters have altered the distribution of prey species, forcing whales to travel greater distances to find sustenance, increasing their exposure to dangers associated with shipping lanes and fishing zones. As the proposed legislation moves forward, attention turns to the upcoming congressional vote. With the Republican-led Senate likely to approve the measure, the path to final passage appears clear. If enacted, the extension would mean that any new protections for right whales would not take effect until at least 2035, leaving the species vulnerable to further declines in the interim.