De Fermi à l'avenir, le débat sur le mix énergétique pour l'Italie entre politique, industrie et diffusion

On July 22, a public debate took place in Rome at the Ara Pacis, marking the third stop of the “Da Fermi al futuro” tour organized by Open. The event focused on Italy’s energy mix, bringing together political figures, industry experts, and media personalities to explore the role of nuclear power in the country’s future. The discussion followed recent legislative developments, including the approval by the Chamber of Deputies of the Pichetto delegation law, which aims to pave the way for nuclear expansion. The session opened with Minister Gilberto Pichetto Fratin, who recently secured support for his legislation in the Senate Environment Committee. He expressed confidence that the law could pass before the summer break, emphasizing the government's commitment to advancing nuclear energy. According to Pichetto, Italy requires a reliable and predictable energy source, and nuclear power offers such continuity. He outlined plans for subsequent regulatory measures following the Senate vote, highlighting the need for a transition toward energy independence. His remarks underscored the goal of reducing reliance on imported electricity, currently around 50 TWh daily, from France and Germany, while maintaining progress toward decarbonization through thermal power as an interim solution. Alessandro Cecchi Paone, a TV host and science communicator, addressed misconceptions surrounding nuclear safety. He stressed the importance of accurate information to dispel myths, noting that while nuclear plants cannot explode, they can cause contamination. He pointed out that globally, there are over 450 nuclear reactors, many of older design, yet incidents remain rare. Paone also highlighted his dual focus on promoting both scientific knowledge and technological innovation, drawing inspiration from his grandmother, an early female scientist who worked alongside the famous group of physicists known as the “boys of Via Panisperna,” led by Enrico Fermi. Comparisons were drawn between Italy and other European nations in terms of energy transition. Andrea Maria Felici, from the Ministry of Ecological Transition, noted that while countries like France rely heavily on nuclear power, accounting for two-thirds of its energy supply, with near-zero coal usage, others such as Spain and Germany are shifting toward renewables and phasing out nuclear. Felici acknowledged that Italy’s renewable energy production, though robust, lacks predictability. She emphasized that direct comparisons are difficult due to structural differences in demand, generation capacity, and grid connections. Nicola Ippolito, also from MASE, clarified that nuclear energy does not conflict with renewables, arguing instead that it enhances production capacity while maintaining environmental standards. A key statistic was shared: Italy already trains approximately 10% of Europe’s nuclear engineers. Pierluigi Bersani, during an interview with Sara Menafra, voiced concerns about the gap between innovation and actual energy production. He questioned whether nuclear technology would arrive quickly enough, citing uncertainties about costs and waste management associated with small modular reactors (SMRs). Despite these challenges, he acknowledged the nation has lost some technical expertise and faces competition from abroad. This highlights the complex landscape ahead, where policy, infrastructure, and public perception will all play crucial roles in shaping Italy’s energy future.