Les morsures de serpents sont-elles en augmentation en Égypte?

Snake bites have become a growing concern in parts of Egypt, particularly during the summer months, according to local experts. The phenomenon has sparked public alarm, with residents reporting more frequent encounters with snakes in both rural and urban areas. Dr. Maha Ghanem, professor and head of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology at Alexandria University, has addressed the issue, explaining the underlying causes and offering critical advice on how to respond to such incidents. Dr. Ghanem stated that the increased visibility of snakes in regions such as Beheira, Siwa, and Sharqia is not a recent occurrence but rather part of a long-standing pattern influenced by seasonal changes. She attributed this trend to rising temperatures, which encourage greater snake activity. However, she clarified that temperature alone does not fully explain the surge in sightings. Other factors include flooding and soil erosion, which can displace snakes from their natural habitats, forcing them to move closer to human settlements. Additionally, the presence of snake eggs in these areas suggests that their populations remain stable and that their movements are a normal response to environmental shifts. Another key contributor to the situation, according to Dr. Ghanem, is the increase in rodent populations, particularly rats, during the summer. These creatures serve as a primary food source for many snake species, prompting them to venture further from their usual territories in search of sustenance. Urbanization has also played a role, as expanding cities encroach upon traditional snake habitats, agricultural fields and desert regions, thereby increasing the likelihood of human-snake interactions. When confronted with a snake bite, Dr. Ghanem stressed the importance of immediate action. She advised victims to seek urgent medical attention at specialized poison control centers or hospitals equipped with antivenom. All Egyptian universities operate such facilities, and the Health Ministry has ensured that antivenom is available in multiple hospitals nationwide. This accessibility is vital, given the varying effects of different venomous snake species. Cobra venom, for instance, targets the nervous system, leading to progressive muscle weakness and potentially fatal outcomes if left untreated. In contrast, the venom of the saw-scaled viper primarily disrupts blood clotting, resulting in internal bleeding that can be life-threatening. Dr. Ghanem emphasized that distinguishing between venomous and non-venomous bites is difficult without professional assessment, making it imperative to treat all bites as medical emergencies. Incorrect first aid methods, such as binding the affected limb or attempting to extract venom through suction, were strongly discouraged. Such actions can worsen the condition by restricting blood flow or introducing infection. Instead, proper procedures involve cleaning the wound, limiting movement, and ensuring rapid transport to a medical facility. Delaying treatment can allow venom to circulate unchecked, leading to severe neurological symptoms or uncontrolled hemorrhaging. As the summer continues, public awareness and preparedness will play a crucial role in mitigating the risks associated with snake bites. With climate patterns shifting and human activity altering natural landscapes, the challenge of coexisting with these reptiles remains complex. For now, the focus remains on education and timely intervention to safeguard individuals who encounter these creatures.