La Ley Nuclear es una deuda saldada con la ciencia colombiana

Colombia has passed its first comprehensive nuclear law, known as “Átomos para la Vida,” marking a historic milestone in the country’s scientific and technological development. The legislation, approved in June, establishes a legal framework for the peaceful use of nuclear technologies, creates an independent regulatory authority, and lays the groundwork for future energy and medical advancements. The new law introduces the National Nuclear Security Agency (Ansn), tasked with licensing, inspecting, and overseeing activities involving nuclear materials and ionizing radiation. It also aims to strengthen the national production of radiopharmaceuticals for cancer treatment, boost scientific research, and prepare the nation to evaluate the potential integration of nuclear energy into its energy matrix. This achievement builds upon decades of scientific effort and institutional growth. The roots of this initiative trace back to the early 20th century, when Colombian scientists began exploring the applications of nuclear technology in medicine. Inspired by the work of Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 for her contributions to radiation studies, a group of Colombian researchers became deeply interested in using nuclear science for health care. This interest was further fueled by the collaboration between Curie and French physician and biologist Claude Regaud, whose joint efforts laid the foundation for modern oncology and radiation therapy through their establishment of the Curie Foundation in 1920. Regaud's influence extended beyond France. He visited Colombia and inspired a growing fascination with radiation, leading to the passage of Law 81 in 1928, which established the National Institute of Radio (INR). Although the institute did not officially open until 1934 at the University of Colombia, it marked the beginning of a long-term commitment to nuclear science in the country. Over time, the INR evolved into the National Oncology Institute in 1951, reflecting the increasing focus on medical applications of nuclear technology. In 1956, during the international “Atoms for Peace” program launched after World War II, Colombia created the Colombian Institute for Nuclear Affairs (IAN). Its mission was to promote the peaceful uses of atomic energy, train human resources, and advance scientific research. By 1965, the IAN had adopted its current name and became the cornerstone of Colombia’s nuclear program. In that year, the institution installed the IAN-R1 research reactor, a modest yet symbolically significant facility that enabled progress in physics, chemistry, geology, medicine, and the training of nuclear science professionals. The reactor represented Colombia’s aspiration to engage with cutting-edge scientific frontiers. Over time, many functions of the IAN were absorbed by other entities, including the Colombian Geological Service, where the IAN-R1 continues to operate. Research conducted at the site includes geochronology, material characterization, and environmental applications of nuclear techniques. These ongoing efforts underscore the enduring legacy of the IAN and its role in shaping Colombia’s scientific landscape. Among the key figures who contributed to this vision was Clemente Garavito Baraya (1918–1999), a prominent scientist and leader in Colombian academia. As technical deputy director and later director of the IAN, he played a crucial role in advancing nuclear research in the country. Garavito Baraya also served as president of the Colombian Association for the Advancement of Science (AvanCiencia) from 1971 to 1973. A member of the Colombian Academy of Exact, Physical, and Natural Sciences (Accefyn), he made significant contributions to geophysics, astronomy, education, and research. His work included developing the first isomagnetic map of Colombia and pioneering a method for correcting equatorial azimuths, which gained international recognition. Throughout his career, Garavito Baraya dedicated himself to strengthening national scientific capabilities within universities and research institutions.