A word of caution to parents: The appearance of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that the child has cancer, but if they persist or even ...

Parents warned: appearance of these symptoms does not necessarily mean child has cancer, but if they persist or worsen... Cancer does not discriminate by age, affecting approximately 400,000 children and adolescents worldwide each year. In September, experts and the public focus on raising awareness about this serious illness among the youngest. The golden ribbon during this month symbolizes the strength and value of children facing such diagnoses. In neighboring Croatia, data from the national registry indicates that on average, around 100 children under 14 years of age are diagnosed with malignant diseases annually, according to the Dnevnik website. The latest figures from the Croatian registry show that in 2023, 97 children were diagnosed with malignancies, while in 2024, ten children died as a result of malignant conditions. Leukemia accounts for roughly one-third of all cases, followed by brain tumors and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Among teenagers aged 15 to 19, doctors more frequently identify lymphomas, thyroid cancer, melanoma, and bone cancer. Early detection saves lives Symptoms of cancer in children often do not present clear signs and can resemble those of other, more common and less dangerous illnesses. Although the presence of symptoms does not necessarily indicate the worst diagnosis, medical professionals advise parents to take their child to a doctor if the problems persist or worsen. Cancer in children typically arises due to genetic changes within the cells themselves. Approximately 10 percent of cases are linked to hereditary genetic factors. Certain chronic infections can also increase the risk. While cancer in childhood cannot generally be prevented, parents can reduce the risk of certain types of cancer later in life through vaccinations against hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV). Early recognition plays a crucial role in successful treatment. Prompt and accurate diagnosis allows immediate initiation of treatment, increasing the chances of recovery, reducing the risk of complications, and often requiring less aggressive therapies. Treatment usually includes chemotherapy, surgical procedures, and radiation therapy, while healthcare professionals continuously monitor the child's development and nutrition. Disparities in survival rates remain significant Developed countries today record remarkable successes, as physicians there achieve remission in over 80 percent of affected children. In contrast, in countries with lower incomes, the survival rate drops below 30 percent. These low survival rates are primarily attributed to late or incorrect diagnoses, limited access to treatment, and shortages of appropriate medications. Data from international research shows a promising trend in Croatia, as five-year survival rates for children diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 stand at 81.1 percent. Despite optimistic prognoses for most forms of pediatric cancer, survival rates still remain low for some diagnoses. Treatment can also lead to long-term health consequences, which is why experts emphasize the importance of regular monitoring of patients even into adulthood.