Incidents of piracy off Somalia surged in 2026, new analysis of IMO data shows

Piracy off the coast of Somalia hit record levels in 2026, according to a new analysis of data from the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). The number of attacks rose sharply compared to recent years, with at least 15 incidents reported so far this year. This marks the highest level of maritime crime in the region since 2013, when piracy activity had previously declined significantly. The surge in attacks has been concentrated in the Gulf of Aden, a critical waterway linking the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean. Since May, eight separate incidents have been documented in this area alone. These attacks have taken place primarily between Somalia and Yemen, a stretch of sea known for its strategic importance in global trade. The increase coincides with heightened geopolitical tensions involving Iran, the United States, and Israel, which have disrupted shipping lanes through the Strait of Hormuz. This disruption has likely contributed to the rise in piracy by creating uncertainty and reducing the effectiveness of security measures along key shipping routes. One of the most severe attacks of 2026 occurred on 21 April, when approximately 30 armed pirates, equipped with assault rifles and grenade launchers, seized control of the oil tanker Honour 25. The incident took place near Eyl, a former fishing town in Puntland that has evolved into a central hub for Somali piracy operations. The pirates took 17 crew members hostage and continue to hold the 90-metre vessel. The Honour 25 incident highlights the growing sophistication and threat posed by modern pirate groups operating in the region. According to the IMO’s Global Integrated Shipping Information System, the number of pirate attacks in the Gulf of Aden, the Arabian Sea, and the Indian Ocean, within a 2,000-kilometre radius of Somalia, has increased dramatically. While the region saw no more than a few attacks annually since 2013, including just five in 2025, the current trend suggests a worrying reversal. The data spans back to 1994, providing a long-term perspective on the fluctuating nature of piracy in the area. Despite the sharp uptick, the numbers for 2026 remain considerably lower than the peak years of piracy in the early 2010s. In 2011, the IMO recorded nearly 200 attacks on vessels, marking one of the worst periods of maritime insecurity in decades. The decline following 2011 was attributed to improved naval patrols, international cooperation, and the deployment of private security teams aboard commercial ships. However, the resurgence in 2026 indicates that these efforts may have been insufficient to maintain stability in the region. The situation has drawn attention from both local authorities and international bodies concerned with maritime security. Somali officials have expressed frustration over the lack of progress in dismantling pirate networks, while regional navies have called for greater coordination to protect vital shipping lanes. Meanwhile, shipping companies have faced mounting pressure to enhance their security protocols, often at considerable financial cost. As the conflict in the Middle East continues to affect global trade, the challenge of combating piracy off Somalia remains a pressing concern for policymakers and industry leaders alike.