First test: Samsung's new entry-level SSD is called the 990.

Samsung has introduced its new entry-level solid-state drive (SSD), the 990, marking a step forward in performance while making some compromises in storage technology. The device replaces the previous model, the 980, which had been a popular choice among budget-conscious users. According to testing reports, the 990 offers roughly double the speed of its predecessor, thanks to an upgrade from PCIe 3.0 to PCIe 4.0 interface. This change significantly enhances data transfer rates, although the device still lacks dedicated DRAM, a feature common in higher-end models. The 990 uses quadruple level cells (QLC) instead of triple level cells (TLC) for its NAND flash memory. While this shift allows for increased storage capacity, offering variants of 1 terabyte and 2 terabytes, the trade-off is lower write speeds, particularly when copying large files. However, many users may not notice this limitation in everyday tasks such as file browsing or basic application usage. The decision to move to QLC reflects a trend in the industry toward maximizing storage density at the expense of raw performance. The new model retains the absence of a suffix like “Pro” or “Evo,” which were used to denote more advanced versions of Samsung’s SSD lineup. Instead, the 990 is positioned as a straightforward, affordable option for consumers who prioritize speed over specialized features. The lack of onboard DRAM means that the drive relies on the system's RAM for caching, which can affect performance under heavy workloads. Nevertheless, the improved controller and faster interface help mitigate these limitations to some extent. Samsung continues to reserve four-digit model numbers for its high-end PCIe 5.0 drives, indicating that the 990 remains within the company’s mid-range offerings. The transition from TLC to QLC is part of broader industry efforts to reduce costs and increase storage options, even if it comes with some performance trade-offs. Users looking for maximum reliability and sustained write speeds might still opt for the older TLC-based models, though they are no longer available in the entry-level range. Reactions from early testers suggest that the 990 performs well enough for typical consumer applications, despite the QLC compromise. Some reviewers noted that while the drive does not match the endurance and speed of TLC-based units, it provides a reasonable balance between cost and performance for general use. Others pointed out that the absence of DRAM could lead to occasional slowdowns during intensive multitasking scenarios, but this is generally considered acceptable for non-professional users. Looking ahead, Samsung is likely to continue refining its SSD lineup, balancing affordability with performance based on user demand. The introduction of the 990 underscores the ongoing evolution of storage technology, where manufacturers must navigate the competing demands of cost efficiency, performance, and longevity. As the market shifts toward larger capacities and more compact designs, the role of QLC will remain a subject of debate among both manufacturers and end-users. For now, the 990 stands as a practical solution for those seeking reliable, fast storage without breaking the bank.