SpainThe article discusses the historical and political debates surrounding the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla, focusing on their status and legitimacy within the broader context of Moroccan sovereignty claims. In Spain, some right-wing sectors argue that Morocco did not exist when Ceuta was conquered by Portugal in 1415, using this narrative to counter Moroccan territorial assertions. Conversely, in Morocco, there is a stronger emphasis on the country’s historical continuity, including pre-independence political structures like the sultanate and Majzén. The article critiques both perspectives, noting that while historical processes shaped modern states, they do not equate to a clear 'birth' date for nations. It highlights the French Protectorate in Morocco (1912) as a pivotal moment that preserved local institutions like the sultanate while allowing France to exert administrative control. This hybrid model helped shape contemporary Morocco.
Bias read (Center): The article presents a balanced analysis of competing historical narratives around Ceuta and Melilla, avoiding overtly biased language or selective sourcing. It critically examines both Spanish and Moroccan perspectives without favoring one over the other, emphasizing the complexity of statehood and
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