Reforma zdravstvenih zavarovanj: relativni dosežki ministra za zdravje

Germany's health minister, Nina Warken of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), has achieved what she calls a breakthrough in her efforts to control rising healthcare costs. The recent agreement ensures that insurance contributions for statutory health insurance (GKV) will not increase further in the years 2027 and 2028. However, these contributions are already at levels that many argue are straining both individuals, their employers, and the broader economy. Warken’s success also includes countering proposals from the Social Democrats (SPD) to raise the income threshold up to which high earners must contribute to health insurance. Such a move would have been seen as detrimental to those who drive the economy and pay the most taxes. Despite this, Warken faces criticism over her handling of the upcoming nursing care reform, where she plans to further increase the contribution ceiling.

The federal government has agreed to take on more financial responsibility in the health sector following a weekend compromise. This means the state is now required to cover more of the costs associated with non-insurance-related services, which should ideally fall under the state’s responsibilities rather than being passed on to contributors. However, the overall burden on the federal budget remains lower than previously planned. Additionally, cuts to family insurance coverage—another non-insurance-related service—are less severe than they could have been due to pressure from an allegedly harmful partnership between the SPD and Bavarian State Union (CSU). Critics argue that the states are failing to ensure that hospitals receive adequate funding, despite being the largest and fastest-growing expense category in the healthcare system. Instead of blocking progress, the states are urged to fulfill their obligations and fully fund hospital investments.

The proposed reforms include stricter rules around sick leave certifications, aiming to reduce absenteeism and support economic growth. The coalition government, composed of the CDU and SPD, has decided to abolish telephone-based sick leave certificates. Under the new regulations, employees would need an official certificate of work incapacity starting from the first day of illness. This measure aims to prevent cases where workers might consider taking time off without being genuinely ill. According to CDU politician Jens Spahn, this change could encourage employees to return to work sooner, thus being fairer to colleagues who are actually unwell. Chancellor Friedrich Merz supports the reform, stating that it restores pre-pandemic rules regarding sick leave certification.

However, the reform goes beyond merely reverting to pre-pandemic practices. Before the pandemic, the rule was that a certificate was needed after three days of absence, but employers could still request one from the first day. Now, the requirement for a certificate from the very first day of illness becomes standard. While the exact implementation of this rule is yet to be determined, the video consultation option will remain available. Doctors can currently issue retroactive certificates in exceptional circumstances, leading to discussions about whether employees can submit such documentation later.

Medical professionals have raised concerns about the potential consequences of these changes. Markus Blumenthal-Beier, president of the German Medical Association, warns that millions more patients could flood already overcrowded clinics just to obtain a certificate. Patients who urgently need medical attention may face longer waiting times. The German Society of Physicians predicts at least 30 million additional visits per year, while health insurers caution against full waiting rooms and increased bureaucracy. There is ongoing debate about whether the introduction of telephone-based sick leave certificates has indeed led to higher rates of absenteeism.

The Greens, however, are challenging the speed at which the health insurance reform is being pushed through parliament. They have filed an emergency application with the Federal Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe, seeking to delay the vote on the reform scheduled for Friday. Green MP Janosch Dahmen argues that the short timeframe does not allow for proper parliamentary procedures. The Greens' parliamentary leader, Irene Mihalic, announced plans to request the postponement of the vote, although this is likely to fail given the majority held by the black-yellow coalition. She emphasized the need for thorough examination of the 278 pages of amendments received overnight, warning of unforeseen impacts on citizens and the healthcare system. The Federal Chamber of Psychotherapists also cautioned against rushing the decision, emphasizing the importance of precision over speed.

This situation echoes past controversies involving rapid legislative processes. In 2023, the CDU had sought extended consideration periods for the heating law before it was halted by the constitutional court. The Greens are now using similar tactics, arguing that the current rush mirrors previous instances where quick decisions were made without sufficient scrutiny. As the debate continues, the future of the health insurance reform remains uncertain, with significant implications for Germany's healthcare system and its workforce.