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Pope Leo XIV, the 71-year-old head of the Roman Catholic Church, has been diagnosed with lung cancer following surgery in which part of his right lung was removed. The Vatican announced the diagnosis on Tuesday, confirming that the surgery revealed the presence of lung adenocarcinoma, the most common type of lung cancer. Preoperative tests had suggested the possibility of cancer, and the diagnosis was confirmed during the operation. The Vatican stated that the surgery was successful and that there were no complications. The pope returned to his room afterward, and the Vatican said doctors were not currently discussing chemotherapy or other treatments pending further test results. The surgery took place at Rome’s Gemelli hospital, where the pope entered through the main entrance and greeted well-wishers before undergoing the procedure. The operation, led by Dr. Stefano Margaritora, the hospital’s chief thoracic surgeon, lasted about 90 minutes. The Vatican described the removal of the lower lobe of the right lung as "radical," indicating that all suspect tissue was removed in an effort to eliminate any remaining traces of cancer. The lymph nodes were also removed and tested to determine whether the cancer had spread. Results of these tests were not immediately available. Lung adenocarcinoma is associated with a relatively favorable prognosis if detected early, according to Dr. Stephen Liu, a lung cancer specialist at Georgetown University. However, the exact stage of the cancer, whether it is localized or has spread, is still unclear. Further tests will be necessary to determine the appropriate course of treatment, which could include chemotherapy, a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, or targeted therapy involving oral medication for specific types of cancer. The Vatican has not indicated any immediate changes to the pope’s schedule, though questions remain about the impact of his health on upcoming plans. One notable event is a planned 11-day tour of Uruguay, Argentina, and Peru scheduled for November 6 to 17. The trip, which would involve more than 50 events and 36 speeches across 10 cities, is considered a high priority for the pope, who previously worked extensively in Peru as a missionary and bishop. Whether the trip proceeds depends largely on the outcome of the pope’s recovery and the results of additional medical evaluations. Pope Leo XIV, the first U.S.-born pope, has been a prominent figure both within and outside the Church, addressing global issues such as the risks of artificial intelligence and criticizing policies of U.S. President Donald Trump. His leadership style contrasts sharply with that of his predecessor, Pope Francis, who became increasingly frail toward the end of his papacy. While previous popes have dealt with health challenges, including lung surgery and hospitalizations, the current situation raises new uncertainties about the trajectory of Leo’s papacy. In related developments, the U.S. government imposed sanctions on the International Criminal Court (ICC) on Friday, shortly after former ICC judge Navi Pillay received the Nobel Peace Prize. The sanctions target the ICC as an institution, marking a significant escalation in the Trump administration’s efforts to prevent the court from prosecuting American citizens. Pillay criticized the move, calling it unfortunate and noting that threats against the court had long been anticipated. The U.S. government argued that the ICC poses a threat to national interests and sought to cut off financial and operational support to the court. Navi Pillay, a South African lawyer and former ICC judge, was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize for her contributions to international justice. Her award came amid growing tensions between the U.S. and the ICC, particularly following the issuance of arrest warrants for Israeli officials in 2024. The U.S. government has consistently opposed the ICC’s authority over American nationals, and the recent sanctions represent a broader strategy to undermine the court’s influence. The Vatican has maintained a relatively open approach to discussing the pope’s health, providing detailed information about the surgical procedure and the nature of the diagnosis. This level of transparency is unusual compared to past instances where papal health concerns were handled with greater secrecy. As medical assessments continue, the focus will shift to understanding the implications of the cancer’s stage and determining the best path forward for the pope’s health and public engagements.