Why we must stop talking about artificial general intelligence — and instead build ‘pro-worker’ AI

Artificial intelligence is reshaping the global economy at an unprecedented pace, yet the conversation surrounding its development often focuses on the distant goal of artificial general intelligence, AGI. A growing group of economists and AI researchers argue that this narrow focus risks ignoring immediate challenges, particularly how AI might exacerbate labor inequality. Instead, they propose a shift toward building “pro-worker” AI systems that enhance human capabilities rather than replace them. The push for a new direction in AI development comes amid mounting concern over the potential for widespread job displacement. While some studies suggest that automation has contributed to rising inequality by reducing opportunities for workers performing routine tasks, others highlight the complexity of AI’s evolving role in the workforce. For example, research published in Econometrica found that since 1980, automation has played a key role in widening income gaps, particularly affecting those in repetitive roles. Similar findings emerged from a study in the Journal of Political Economy, which noted that regions heavily impacted by automation saw declining wages and employment rates despite overall productivity gains. Industrial robots offer a clear illustration of these trends. Although they have boosted efficiency in manufacturing, communities dependent on these sectors have faced economic hardship. These effects are expected to grow as AI becomes more integrated into everyday work. The stakes go beyond economics; experts warn that unchecked AI advancement could threaten societal stability by excluding large segments of the population from meaningful participation in the economy. Despite these warnings, much of the current AI strategy centers on automation. Companies and governments are investing heavily in developing systems capable of performing complex tasks independently. However, alternative models exist, one that prioritizes augmenting human labor rather than replacing it. Proponents argue that AI can be designed to assist workers, offering tools that improve precision, speed, and accessibility. This approach could lead to broader economic benefits, including more inclusive productivity growth. One area where this model shows promise is education. Rather than replacing teachers, AI could serve as a powerful aid, helping educators identify student struggles and tailor instruction accordingly. By enabling personalized learning at scale, such tools could bridge gaps in educational access while empowering teachers to focus on higher-order skills. Policymakers are urged to support this transition through regulatory frameworks and financial incentives that encourage worker-centric AI development. The call for a new AI paradigm reflects a broader debate about the ethical and social implications of rapid technological progress. While some see AGI as the ultimate goal of innovation, others caution that its pursuit may come at too great a cost. The urgency of this discussion is underscored by the need for policies that ensure AI serves all members of society, not just those with the means to benefit from it. As the field continues to evolve, the question remains: will AI be a tool for empowerment or exclusion? The answer may depend on the choices made today.