Poverty and heat: 'Heat has consequences for social participation'

In June 2026, Vienna faced one of its hottest periods on record, with temperatures soaring well above average. During this time, concerns grew over how vulnerable groups, particularly those living in poverty, were coping with the extreme heat. A recent study conducted by the Austrian welfare organization Volkshilfe, in collaboration with the Institute for Health Austria, revealed a striking correlation between economic hardship and exposure to high temperatures. The research found that individuals facing financial difficulties were disproportionately located in urban areas known as “heat islands”, areas where temperatures rise significantly due to dense building structures, limited green space, and heavy traffic. These conditions make it even harder for low-income residents to maintain comfortable indoor environments during prolonged heatwaves. The findings were highlighted by Hanna Lichtenberger, a political scientist and researcher at Volkshilfe, who emphasized that economic status plays a critical role in determining how effectively individuals can manage the effects of heat. She explained that many people living in poverty are unable to afford basic cooling measures such as air conditioning or window shades. In contrast, wealthier households often have access to these resources, allowing them to better regulate their living conditions. This disparity becomes particularly evident during heatwaves, when rising indoor temperatures can lead to health complications, especially among children and elderly individuals. Lichtenberger pointed out that the lack of financial means also limits access to essential services. For example, families struggling with energy costs may avoid using fans or air conditioners, even though they could provide relief. Additionally, some parents report that their children suffer from sleep disturbances and emotional distress during hot weather. These issues can affect concentration and performance in school, potentially leading to long-term educational disadvantages. The impact extends beyond individual health; it affects social participation as well. Many low-income individuals find it difficult to access public spaces designed for cooling, such as swimming pools or shaded parks, because of the associated costs or physical discomfort. The situation was further complicated by the fact that many low-income residents live in rented properties rather than owned homes. As a result, they often lack the legal authority to implement necessary heat protection measures within their residences. This includes installing insulation or modifying windows, which can help reduce indoor temperatures. Without such options, these individuals remain exposed to higher levels of heat, increasing their risk of heat-related illnesses. The research also underscored the broader implications of climate change on social inequality. Lichtenberger argued that while discussions around heat often focus on specific vulnerable groups like the elderly or children, the underlying issue is systemic. Economic hardship exacerbates the challenges posed by extreme weather, making it more difficult for disadvantaged communities to adapt. She stressed that policies aimed at mitigating the effects of heat must take into account the financial realities of those affected. Looking ahead, there is growing recognition of the need for targeted interventions to support low-income populations during heatwaves. This includes expanding access to affordable cooling solutions, improving urban planning to create more green spaces, and ensuring that public facilities remain accessible to all. While progress has been made in raising awareness of the issue, much work remains to ensure that everyone, regardless of income level, can safely navigate the challenges of extreme heat.