The United Nations has released a comprehensive report revealing that Israeli forces have played a role in enabling attacks by West Bank settlers against Palestinians. According to the findings of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry, these attacks have escalated significantly since the Hamas-led attack on Israel on October 7, 2023. The report highlights how Israeli policies have supported and protected settlers, leading to increased violence against Palestinian civilians. This revelation comes amid ongoing tensions in the region, where both sides continue to accuse each other of human rights violations.
The report outlines a disturbing pattern of violence, noting that since October 2023, at least 1,080 Palestinians have been killed in the West Bank by Israeli soldiers or settlers. Additionally, the commission documented over 1,570 injuries caused by settlers between January 2023 and December 2025. These numbers reflect a troubling escalation in settler violence, with attacks occurring on a daily basis even into early 2026. The commission attributes this surge in violence directly to Israeli policies that provide support and protection to settlers, thereby facilitating their actions against Palestinian communities.
The report also addresses the broader context of the conflict, emphasizing that Palestinian civilians are caught between the Israeli military and Hamas. In Gaza, the situation remains dire, with civilians facing systematic and deliberate rights violations. The commission notes that the Israeli military's actions have resulted in significant devastation, while Hamas is described as exerting a fear-based rule over the population. Both groups are criticized for their treatment of civilians, though the report underscores that their methods and motivations differ.
Key figures involved in the investigation include Srinivasan Muralidhar, the chair of the commission, who stated that the violence by settlers is a direct consequence of Israeli policies. He further noted that Hamas has exploited the chaos created by Israeli attacks to carry out its own form of repression. The report calls for an immediate cessation of the unlawful occupation of Palestinian territory and urges Israel to take responsibility for enabling settler violence.
In addition to addressing the issue of settler violence, the report also examines the activities of Hamas-affiliated forces in Gaza. It identifies numerous instances of serious human rights abuses, including executions and torture. Specifically, the commission found 249 cases of executions and severe physical violence in 2024-2025, resulting in at least 108 deaths and 384 injuries. These incidents were attributed to Hamas members, who were involved in at least 60 such events. The report also mentions the torture of Palestinian civilians in the Nasser Medical Complex, highlighting the lack of protection afforded to hospitals under international humanitarian law.
The findings of the commission are expected to be presented to the UN Human Rights Council, where they will likely spark intense debate. The report’s conclusions challenge the narrative of some Israeli officials who have previously accused the commission of systemic bias against Israel. As the situation in the West Bank and Gaza continues to evolve, the implications of this report could influence future diplomatic efforts and international responses to the ongoing conflict.
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