Dealing with the heat What the heat does to the body and mind and what helps against it

Heatwaves have become increasingly common in recent years, and their effects on both physical and mental health are becoming more evident. In response to growing concerns, experts have addressed how high temperatures impact individuals and what steps can be taken to mitigate these effects. A live Q&A session with specialists highlighted key findings, offering practical advice for coping with extreme heat conditions. High ambient temperatures can negatively affect mental well-being. Studies show a link between intense heat and increased risks of depression, anxiety disorders, aggressive behavior, and violence, according to Christine Blume, a psychologist and sleep researcher at the Swiss Tropical Institute (STI). The cognitive performance of individuals is also affected, with studies indicating slower reaction times and a higher likelihood of errors during hot weather. Isabel Baumann, professor of public health at Zurich University of Applied Sciences, noted this decline in mental acuity. To counteract these effects, staying hydrated and seeking cooler environments are essential. Cooling measures such as running cold water over the arms or placing a cool cloth on the neck can provide relief. Regular breaks, ten minutes per hour in a cool place, are recommended. These strategies help maintain both physical comfort and cognitive function during prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Physical activity during heat waves carries additional risks. Experts suggest scheduling exercise during early morning or evening hours to avoid peak heat. Samuel Lüthi, a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine at the University of Bern, emphasized the importance of adjusting workout routines to minimize strain. While the body can usually recover between separate heat waves, some symptoms, particularly related to kidney function, can accumulate over time. This is especially true for individuals engaged in physically demanding work, such as construction workers or agricultural laborers, who are exposed to heat regularly. Sleep disturbances are another consequence of extreme heat. The body requires cooling down in the evening to facilitate restful sleep. Keeping living spaces cool by closing windows during the day and ventilating at night helps. A warm shower, foot bath, or a cooled heating pad placed in the refrigerator can aid relaxation. Specialized mattresses with cooling gel layers are also available to improve sleep quality. However, even young and healthy individuals often underestimate the dangers of heat. The perception of heat as merely a discomfort rather than a potential hazard persists among many. Samuel Lüthi pointed out that even fit individuals tend to overlook its risks. He warned that while current heatwaves might prompt some reconsideration, they may not be sufficient to drive broader policy changes. Support for ambitious climate legislation remains limited, highlighting the need for sustained awareness and action. Experts also discussed the societal implications of rising temperatures. Felix Graf, a research assistant at the Northwest Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, noted that society has contributed to the current situation through certain economic practices. He argued that reversing this trend would require targeted political actions, economic restructuring, and willingness to change within communities. Such efforts could lead to long-term improvements in resilience against future heat extremes.