Toilet germs and other things living in your make-up brushes

A new study published in 2025 has revealed that nearly half of individuals rarely clean their make-up brushes, potentially allowing harmful bacteria to accumulate on these frequently used items. This finding highlights a growing concern among health professionals who warn that unclean brushes can become breeding grounds for microbes, including opportunistic pathogens that may pose risks to people with weakened immune systems. The research underscores the importance of proper hygiene practices when it comes to personal care items. According to Enzo Palombo, a professor of microbiology at Swinburne University of Technology, make-up brushes can harbor a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus, which is commonly found on human skin. In a bathroom setting, exposure to bacteria such as E. coli from the toilet can occur, although these organisms generally pose no threat unless they enter an open wound or cut, leading to possible infections. Professor Palombo emphasized that make-up brushes used around sensitive areas like the eyes, mouth, and nose are especially vulnerable to becoming sources of infection. These brushes can lead to issues such as pimples and rashes, particularly if not maintained properly. Factors contributing to microbial exposure include improper storage, sharing brushes, and infrequent disinfection, according to the study. To effectively clean make-up brushes, Professor Palombo recommended using soap and warm water. For those seeking additional assurance, he suggested using soap with antibacterial properties or ethanol, noting that hand sanitizers often contain 70 percent ethanol, which is effective for disinfection. Jessica Peacock, a beauty educator at TAFE Queensland, advised massaging a disinfectant solution into the bristles until the water runs clear before rinsing thoroughly and reshaping the brushes to dry flat. Make-up artist and content creator Claire Bridgett employs a spray brush cleaner between deep cleans, allowing for quick preparation without waiting for the brushes to dry completely. She also noted that when brushes start losing their shape or shedding bristles excessively, it may be time to consider replacement. Bridgett prefers synthetic bristles for applying cream products and natural fibers for powders, suggesting that investing in high-quality brushes can ensure longevity, though she acknowledges that affordable options exist for everyday users. According to Professor Palombo, make-up brushes should be cleaned at least once a week, although he acknowledged that many individuals may find this frequency too rigorous, recommending a minimum of once a month. He stressed the importance of avoiding shared brushes, emphasizing that if sharing occurs, thorough washing and sterilization between uses are essential. Jessica Peacock added that brushes used with liquid or cream products should be cleaned at least once a week, while powder brushes can be cleaned every one to two weeks. When considering the replacement of make-up brushes, Claire Bridgett pointed out signs such as difficulty in applying make-up evenly or noticeable shedding of bristles on the face. She highlighted that maintaining clean brushes not only enhances the application of make-up but also contributes to overall skin health. In addition to regular cleaning routines, storing make-up brushes in a manner that limits their exposure to germs is crucial. While Claire Bridgett keeps hers in a pencil holder, she recommended alternative storage solutions that minimize contact with contaminants. By following these guidelines, individuals can significantly reduce the risk of bacterial growth on their make-up brushes, ensuring both personal hygiene and the effectiveness of their beauty routine.