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Professor Iva Hristova, director of Bulgaria's National Center for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, has emphasized the importance of using repellents when traveling to tropical countries. Her comments come amid growing concerns about the spread of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly as some species have begun to appear in parts of Europe, including Bulgaria.

The Aedes albopictus mosquito, known for transmitting several serious illnesses such as dengue fever and chikungunya, has already established itself across Europe, including in Bulgaria. According to Hristova, while there are currently no confirmed cases of these diseases spreading within Bulgaria, the number of returning travelers infected with these illnesses is on the rise. Dengue fever appears to be primarily imported from the Maldives, while chikungunya is more commonly brought back from the Seychelles. These findings highlight the increasing risk posed by international travel and the potential for disease transmission even in regions where local outbreaks have yet to occur.

In addition to mosquito-borne diseases, Hristova also warned about another threat associated with warm waters—bacteria known as *Vibrio vulnificus*. This bacterium can enter the body through open wounds and is found in coastal areas around the Black Sea, though it is extremely rare in Bulgaria. It is more commonly encountered in countries such as Thailand, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and Canada. The bacteria thrive in brackish water during warmer months, and its presence poses a significant health risk, especially to individuals with pre-existing medical conditions. Hristova stressed the need for immediate medical attention if symptoms arise, noting that the infection can develop rapidly and lead to severe complications with high mortality rates.

The appearance of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Iceland has raised further concerns about environmental changes and their impact on public health. This development underscores the broader issue of climate change, which is facilitating the expansion of disease-carrying vectors into new geographical areas. As temperatures rise, the habitats suitable for these mosquitoes are expanding, potentially leading to increased disease transmission in previously unaffected regions.

Recent reports indicate that the first case of chikungunya was recorded in Bulgaria earlier this year, followed by the detection of the first case of dengue fever in Plovdiv. These incidents mark a critical turning point in the country’s approach to infectious diseases, prompting calls for greater awareness and preventive measures among both healthcare professionals and the general public.

Hristova urged travelers to take precautions when visiting tropical regions, emphasizing the use of insect repellents and protective clothing to minimize exposure to disease-carrying mosquitoes. She also highlighted the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, given the rapid progression of certain infections. With the continued increase in global travel and the ongoing effects of climate change, the challenge of managing emerging infectious diseases will likely become even more pronounced in the coming years.