What to Do If You Get a Sunburn

What to Do If You Burn in the Sun? Dermatologists’ Advice A sunburn is a painful inflammatory reaction caused by ultraviolet (UV) rays damaging the outer layers of skin. It can range from mild redness to severe blistering and even increase the risk of skin cancer over time. Despite awareness of sunscreen’s importance, many people still suffer burns due to oversight or prolonged exposure. Dermatologists emphasize immediate action to prevent further damage and promote healing. Cooling the skin with cold compresses or showers can ease inflammation, while aloe vera may speed up recovery. Sunburns occur when UV radiation penetrates the skin, causing DNA changes that lead to characteristic redness. Melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, offers some protection by darkening exposed skin. However, this process is not foolproof. Certified dermatologist Dr. Ranella Hirsch explains that UV light damages skin cells by altering their DNA, resulting in the redness typical of burns. While darker skin has more melanin and thus greater resistance, everyone is vulnerable. “Regardless of your skin type, it's crucial to recognize that both tanning and burning are signs of cell damage,” she says. Fortunately, there are steps individuals can take to alleviate symptoms and accelerate healing, according to leading dermatologists. As soon as a burn is noticed, move away from the sun immediately. Dr. Hirsch advises staying indoors until the skin fully heals. “Once your skin is fighting an injury from a burn, it becomes much more susceptible to further, potentially more extensive damage,” warns dermatologist Dr. Michelle Henry. This means avoiding direct sunlight during the healing period, especially when the skin is red, pink, or peeling. Cooling the skin promptly is essential. Dr. Henry confirms that “coldness helps reduce inflammation, pain, itching, and discomfort associated with burns.” However, applying ice or a cold compress directly to the skin should be avoided. Instead, wrap a cold compress in a towel and apply it for 15 to 20 minutes at a time. Wait one to two hours before reapplying. She also recommends showering with cool water, which can help remove chlorine or salt residue that might irritate the skin. However, avoid long showers and harsh soaps, as they can dry the skin and worsen irritation. Soaking in oatmeal or milk baths can soothe burned skin. Dr. Henry suggests using finely ground oatmeal for its anti-inflammatory properties, thanks to compounds called avenanthramides that block inflammation. These baths can relieve intense, persistent itching known as “pruritus” following a burn. The added benefit is hydration, which supports skin repair. If oatmeal is unavailable, a mixture of equal parts milk and cold water can serve as an alternative. “Milk proteins and natural lactic acid have a calming effect,” she explains. Hydrating from within is equally vital. Burned skin requires significantly more water during the healing process. Dr. Henry notes that “when your skin is combating damage caused by UV rays, it needs additional hydration to replace fluids lost through sun exposure.” As soon as a burn occurs, increase water intake. Dr. Hirsch adds that isotonic drinks or foods rich in water content, such as cucumbers and carrots, can aid hydration. After cleansing, apply a gentle moisturizer to retain moisture in the skin. Gently pat the skin dry with a towel while it is still slightly damp, then apply moisturizing cream. This helps combat the dryness often accompanying burns. Continue hydrating the skin regularly throughout the recovery period.