Police units deployed across South Africa before anti-immigration marches

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa has issued a stern warning to anti-migrant protesters, urging them to conduct their demonstrations without intimidation, threats, or ultimatums as an unofficial deadline approaches for undocumented foreigners to leave the country. The situation has escalated amid growing tensions and fears among migrant communities, particularly those from neighboring African nations, who are preparing to depart under pressure from local populations and political leaders.

Over the past several weeks, thousands of undocumented migrants have begun leaving South Africa, driven by concerns over rising xenophobic violence. Many have expressed mixed emotions—some relieved to return home, while others lament the loss of opportunities and the separation from their families. A Malawian man, who recently departed, described feeling “happy to be going back” but “heartbroken” to leave behind four young children. His sentiment reflects the broader emotional toll experienced by many migrants facing forced repatriation.

President Ramaphosa emphasized in his weekly newsletter that while the right to protest exists, it must not come at the expense of threatening or intimidating others. He acknowledged the presence of both legal and illegal migrants within the country, noting that many contribute positively to the economy and society. However, he reiterated that the rights of all individuals, including foreign nationals, must be protected under the law and the constitution. With over three million documented foreign nationals residing in South Africa, the distinction between legal and undocumented migrants remains a critical point of discussion.

In Durban, where some of the most intense protests have occurred, temporary transit camps are being cleared as authorities work to process remaining migrants. These camps, often filled with colorful sarongs and personal belongings, have become symbols of uncertainty and displacement. Migrants await transportation back to their home countries, some expressing hope for a better future despite the hardships they face. Nelson Mbewe, a Malawian who came to South Africa seeking employment, shared his frustration with the lack of proper documentation, which has led to his forced departure.

Despite the challenges, some migrants continue to advocate for unity and solidarity across Africa. Hassan Phiri, a Malawian still waiting to be processed, urged South Africans to recognize the interconnectedness of the continent. He stressed that Africa’s strength lies in its collective identity, emphasizing that no nation can exist in isolation from the others.

Authorities have authorized anti-migrant marches scheduled for Tuesday in major cities such as Durban and Johannesburg. While officials have cautioned organizers against inciting violence, they have also prepared for potential disruptions. Tensions may arise due to the use of traditional weapons by protesters, many of whom are ethnic Zulus accustomed to carrying shields, whips, and sticks during demonstrations. This dynamic highlights the complex interplay between cultural practices and legal enforcement.

Since the onset of the protests earlier this year, over 12,000 immigrants have been either deported or repatriated voluntarily. Countries such as Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe have coordinated efforts to facilitate the return of their citizens via air or bus. Approximately 3,500 foreigners have chosen to leave willingly, though disputes persist regarding the validity of certain repatriations. For instance, South Africa claims that over 500 Nigerian deportees lacked proper documentation, a claim contested by Nigeria.

Xenophobia has long plagued South Africa, occasionally resulting in violent confrontations. In 2008, a wave of riots targeting non-South Africans claimed over 60 lives, underscoring the historical roots of this issue. Although fewer incidents have been recorded this year, with only two fatalities reported thus far, the underlying tensions remain significant. Organizations such as the African Centre for Migration and Society track these occurrences, providing insights into the evolving landscape of xenophobic violence in the region.

As the unofficial deadline looms, the focus shifts toward ensuring the safe and orderly departure of migrants while addressing the broader implications of xenophobia. The coming days will likely reveal whether the warnings from President Ramaphosa and the preparations by authorities will suffice to prevent further unrest. The situation underscores the delicate balance required to manage migration issues in a diverse and historically complex nation like South Africa.