With weight loss medicines, users move less, research suggests.

A new study has revealed that individuals using weight-loss medications such as Ozempic and Wegovy tend to become less physically active after starting their treatment. This finding challenges the assumption that weight loss alone would naturally lead to increased physical activity. The research, conducted by doctors at HSHS Saint John's Hospital in Illinois, analyzed data collected from wearable fitness devices—such as smartwatches and fitness trackers—used by obese patients prescribed GLP-1-based drugs. These medications have gained significant popularity due to their effectiveness in reducing appetite and promoting weight loss, but this study suggests they might also inadvertently reduce physical activity levels among users.

The analysis focused on 753 individuals who were prescribed either Ozempic or similar GLP-1 medications and simultaneously used digital devices to monitor their activity levels. According to the findings, there was a noticeable decline in overall physical activity following the initiation of GLP-1 therapy. On average, daily step counts dropped from 5,047 to 4,487, while the time spent engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity decreased from 28 minutes per day to 22 minutes. This reduction was more pronounced in men and individuals who reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain.

It is important to note that these numbers reflect American activity levels, which are generally lower than those observed in European countries. For example, the average Czech person takes around 5,500 steps per day, suggesting that the decrease in activity seen in the U.S. study could be even more significant when compared to other populations. Despite these findings, the researchers emphasize that the results are preliminary and based on observational data rather than controlled clinical trials.

The implications of reduced physical activity among GLP-1 medication users raise concerns about the long-term health effects of relying solely on pharmacological interventions for weight management. While these drugs can effectively reduce body weight, they may also contribute to a sedentary lifestyle, potentially leading to muscle loss and diminished functional capacity. The study authors suggest that incorporating exercise into the treatment plan should be a crucial component of care for patients receiving these medications.

In addition to the impact on physical activity, gender differences in metabolism and energy expenditure further complicate the picture of weight loss and its associated behaviors. Research indicates that men and women require different amounts of physical activity to achieve comparable weight loss outcomes. For instance, men may need only 12 hours of physical activity per week to see the same effect as women, who may require up to 50 hours of activity per week. These disparities stem from biological differences, including variations in hormone levels, body composition, and metabolic rates between genders.

These differences highlight the importance of personalized approaches to weight management and physical activity recommendations. Women, for example, often face unique physiological challenges related to reproductive functions, hormonal fluctuations, and the demands of caregiving roles, all of which influence their energy needs and activity patterns. Understanding these nuances can help healthcare providers tailor their advice to better meet the specific needs of each patient.

As the use of GLP-1 medications continues to rise, it becomes increasingly critical to address the potential consequences of reduced physical activity among users. Healthcare professionals must consider integrating regular physical activity into treatment plans alongside dietary modifications and medication use. This holistic approach aims to maintain muscle mass, enhance functional mobility, and promote overall well-being, ensuring that weight loss does not come at the expense of physical health and vitality. Future studies will likely explore how best to balance the benefits of these medications with the need for sustained physical engagement to support long-term health outcomes.