PT Health Watch: Sex during pregnancy is usually safe, but some risks remain – Expert

Sexual activity during pregnancy is typically considered safe for women with uncomplicated pregnancies, according to medical experts. However, certain health conditions and complications can alter this recommendation. A recent discussion with Halimat Jimoh, a nurse and midwife, highlighted key considerations for expectant mothers regarding intimacy during their pregnancies. Medical guidelines suggest that most sexual activity is safe during a healthy pregnancy. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG) notes that the amniotic sac and the muscular structure of the uterus offer protection to the developing fetus. This means that pregnancy alone is not a sufficient reason to cease sexual activity. Nevertheless, individual circumstances vary, and specific complications may necessitate caution or avoidance. Halimat Jimoh emphasized that while pregnancy does not inherently pose a danger to sexual activity, certain conditions can make it risky. These include unexplained vaginal bleeding, placenta previa, leakage of amniotic fluid, cervical abnormalities, and concerns related to preterm labor. She stressed that each pregnancy is unique, and decisions about sexual activity should be based on the individual's health status rather than general assumptions. In addition to vaginal intercourse, oral sex is another form of intimacy that requires attention. While generally considered safe during an uncomplicated pregnancy, Jimoh noted that precautions must be taken. One such precaution involves avoiding blowing air directly into the vagina, as this can lead to air embolism, a serious condition where an air bubble enters the bloodstream and disrupts normal circulation. Furthermore, oral sex does not eliminate the risk of transmitting sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The National Health Service (NHS) reports that infections such as herpes, gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, HIV, and hepatitis can be spread through oral sex. The risk increases when either partner has sores or cuts in the mouth, genital areas, or anus. Therefore, the absence of direct vaginal contact does not guarantee safety. Jimoh clarified that pregnancy does not confer immunity against STIs. Infections contracted during pregnancy can impact both the mother and the unborn child. For instance, syphilis poses significant risks. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately eight million adults aged 15 to 49 were infected with syphilis in 2022. Untreated or poorly managed syphilis during pregnancy can lead to severe adverse outcomes, affecting up to 80% of cases depending on the infection's stage. The WHO further explains that syphilis can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her baby via the placenta. This transmission can result in stillbirth, neonatal death, preterm birth, low birth weight, or congenital syphilis. Early detection and treatment are crucial to mitigating these risks. As part of routine prenatal care, expectant mothers are advised to undergo regular screenings for STIs. Timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention can significantly reduce the likelihood of complications for both the mother and the infant. Healthcare providers play a vital role in educating patients about the potential risks and benefits of sexual activity during pregnancy, ensuring informed decision-making based on individual health profiles.