Prestigious jurist Selin Esen explains what civil disobedience is and when it ceases to be legitimate

The International Association of Constitutional Law has chosen Bogotá as the venue for its annual congress, marking a significant milestone in constitutional studies. The event takes place amid the 35th anniversary of Colombia's 1991 Constitution, which has been widely recognized for its influence on constitutional frameworks around the world. This gathering brings together over 2,000 constitutional experts from across the globe, highlighting the importance of the Colombian constitution in shaping modern constitutional thought. The congress aims to explore how constitutional principles can be adapted to evolving societal challenges while maintaining democratic integrity. Colombia’s 1991 Constitution stands out due to its comprehensive protection of human rights and freedoms, emphasizing the dignity of individuals and promoting civic participation. These elements form the foundation of liberal constitutionalism. Additionally, the creation of robust institutions such as the Constitutional Court has played a crucial role in reinforcing these values. The court has developed a body of jurisprudence that serves as a reference point for other countries, demonstrating how legal mechanisms can support democratic governance and protect citizens' rights. The theme of this year's congress, "sustainable constitutionalism," underscores the need to build resilient institutions capable of safeguarding democracy, the rule of law, and human rights both now and in the future. As many democracies face increasing challenges, including the rise of populism and democratic erosion, the congress seeks to address common concerns among constitutional scholars worldwide. Discussions will focus on strategies to ensure that constitutional systems remain adaptable and effective in the face of emerging threats. Global constitutionalists have identified several pressing issues affecting democratic societies today. Populism, democratic backsliding, environmental challenges, and the implications of artificial intelligence are among the topics receiving attention. These factors pose risks to constitutional stability and require collaborative efforts to develop solutions. By sharing experiences and insights, participants aim to strengthen constitutional resilience against these challenges. The congress also provides a platform for examining specific issues within Colombia's political landscape. While the discussion about the transition of power following elections remains sensitive, constitutional principles emphasize the importance of respecting electoral processes and institutional decisions. In any democracy, adherence to constitutional rules and acceptance of election outcomes are essential for maintaining public trust in the system. Ensuring smooth transitions between governments requires cooperation among all stakeholders, including political leaders, judicial bodies, and civil society. As the international community gathers in Bogotá, the focus remains on strengthening constitutional frameworks to meet contemporary demands. The discussions will highlight how constitutionalism can evolve to address new social dynamics while preserving democratic values. With over two thousand experts participating, the congress represents a unique opportunity to exchange ideas and foster collaboration in advancing sustainable constitutional practices globally.