New refinery Africa's richest man expands to Kenya Island protests

A Nigerian businessman, Aliko Dangote, has announced plans to build an oil refinery in Kenya’s Lamu Island, sparking protests among local residents who fear environmental damage and threats to their livelihoods. The project, which could cost up to $20 billion, marks another step in Dangote’s expansion into East Africa, following his already dominant presence in West African energy markets. Lamu Island, located in northern Kenya, is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the country’s most renowned tourist destinations. The island's economy largely depends on fishing, with many residents relying on small boats to catch fish. The area is also home to protected wildlife and enjoys relatively low levels of pollution. These factors have made the planned refinery a point of intense controversy. Environmental activists have raised concerns over the potential impact of the refinery on local ecosystems. Mohamed Athman, an environmental activist, told the Italian-speaking Swiss public broadcaster RSI that the community fears the project could harm both the environment and the livelihoods of locals. “Our concern is that such a large-scale project threatens the environment and the living conditions of the population,” he said. Activists argue that investments should benefit the local community rather than endanger it. The opposition highlights specific risks, including negative effects on fisheries, water quality, and tourism. They also emphasize the unique protection status of the archipelago, arguing that the region deserves special consideration due to its ecological significance. Local residents have previously resisted similar projects, including a proposed coal power plant, which was halted after legal battles. For the Kenyan government, the refinery represents a strategic move toward greater self-sufficiency in energy production. President William Ruto recently announced plans to construct a refinery capable of processing crude oil from the Turkana Basin in northern Kenya. There is also speculation that future operations might include oil from neighboring countries like Uganda. This initiative aligns with broader efforts by several African nations to strengthen domestic oil refining capabilities amid global energy market uncertainties and regional tensions. Dangote, the richest man in Africa, has been instrumental in shaping Nigeria’s energy sector. His company, established through early ventures in importing sugar, rice, and other consumer goods, has since expanded into numerous industries. In Nigeria, his refineries have significantly altered fuel supply chains in western Africa. Now, he aims to extend his influence eastward with this new venture. The conflict on Lamu is not new. Residents, alongside environmental and human rights organizations, successfully opposed a previous proposal for a coal-fired power plant. Legal disputes led to the project being abandoned. This history suggests that local communities are prepared to take further action if they believe their interests are threatened. Mohamed Athman noted that legal measures remain an option for the community. “If the situation worsens, we must go to court and fight for our rights,” he said. He added that two lawsuits against the government had already been filed and won, indicating the community’s determination to protect its interests. As the project moves forward, the outcome will depend on how well the government and developers address these concerns.