Inquiry into criminalising abuse that can 'make your life hell' hears from just one survivor

Leaving abusive relationships can be significantly more challenging for migrant women due to a complex interplay of cultural norms, legal status, and systemic barriers. According to recent research, one in four Australian women has experienced violence from an intimate partner since the age of 15. For migrant and refugee women, this risk increases, with a 2020 national survey indicating that one in three have faced domestic violence in the past five years. The reasons behind these heightened risks are multifaceted, involving deep-rooted societal attitudes, economic dependency, and fears related to immigration status. Intimate partner violence extends beyond physical harm and includes coercive control, a form of abuse that subtly yet powerfully undermines a victim's independence. This can manifest through behaviors such as intimidation, surveillance, financial manipulation, emotional abuse, and social isolation. Technology plays an increasing role in facilitating coercive control, with digital tools enabling perpetrators to monitor and track their partners, thereby isolating them further from potential support networks. Recognizing coercive control is often difficult, especially when cultural or religious beliefs emphasize female submissiveness and the importance of maintaining harmony within the household. In certain communities, abuse is sometimes normalized, with family and community members failing to challenge harmful practices such as verbal aggression, patriarchal decision-making, and compliance expectations. These norms can lead to situations where women feel pressured to prioritize familial unity over their own safety. Many migrant and refugee women also grapple with social isolation, language barriers, and a lack of familiarity with local services. Trust in institutions, including law enforcement and government agencies, can be low, exacerbating feelings of vulnerability and helplessness. Immigration status adds another layer of complexity. Some women remain dependent on their abusers for legal residency, creating a dangerous situation where reporting abuse could result in deportation, loss of employment, or separation from children. These fears deter many from seeking assistance, even when they recognize the abuse. The threat of losing custody of their children further compounds the dilemma, as mothers may worry about the impact of disclosure on their children's well-being. When migrant women do reach out for help, the process can be fraught with obstacles. Risk assessments conducted during interactions with authorities, such as visits to police stations, are meant to evaluate the likelihood of future violence and determine appropriate protective measures. However, current protocols often fail to account for the unique challenges faced by migrant women, including reliance on partners for immigration documents or the influence of cultural expectations on their behavior. Without addressing these factors, risk assessments may not accurately reflect the true level of danger these individuals face. There is growing recognition of the need for culturally sensitive approaches to supporting migrant women experiencing domestic violence. Advocacy groups and researchers are calling for better training for professionals working with these populations, emphasizing the importance of understanding both the legal and cultural contexts in which abuse occurs. Efforts are also underway to improve access to resources, including multilingual support services and legal aid tailored to the specific needs of migrant communities. The path forward requires a comprehensive strategy that addresses both immediate safety concerns and long-term structural issues. This includes enhancing awareness of coercive control, improving access to legal protections, and fostering trust between migrant communities and service providers. Only through sustained efforts can the cycle of abuse be broken, ensuring that all women, regardless of background, can find the support they need to escape harmful situations.