Mexico’s government has advanced discussions around unconventional hydraulic fracturing, known as "fracking," with experts recommending its potential implementation in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. The findings come from the Scientific Committee on Energy Sovereignty and Unconventional Natural Gas Reserves, which presented initial results during a press conference held by President Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo on August 6 at the National Palace. The committee emphasized the need for careful evaluation before proceeding with such operations, highlighting environmental, economic, and social considerations. The scientific group, composed of 54 specialists, conducted analyses on the characteristics of unconventional gas reserves, available exploration techniques, water requirements, and the environmental and health impacts associated with extraction processes. Their work included evaluating the availability of water resources, assessing their behavior in underground reservoirs, and exploring alternatives for treatment and reuse. A separate commission focused on the environmental, social, economic, and health implications of fracking, examining effects on soil, air quality, ecological risks, occupational safety, and land planning. Another subcommittee evaluated the economic and social viability of unconventional gas extraction, considering financial aspects, regulatory frameworks, and strategies to reduce energy consumption and dependence on imports. According to Rosaura Ruiz, head of the Secretariat of Sciences, Humanities, Technology, and Innovation, these working groups allowed for cross-checking information, incorporating institutional experiences, and strengthening the overall analysis. She stressed that the scientists were aware this was a service to the country and that the report marked the beginning of an ongoing process rather than a final decision. Despite efforts to increase domestic production of conventional natural gas, reduce flaring at oil fields, promote renewable energy, and apply energy efficiency measures, Mexico still faces challenges in achieving energy sovereignty. According to the scientific committee, the country currently consumes approximately 9.1 billion cubic feet of natural gas daily, with 75 percent imported from the United States and only 25 percent sourced domestically. This high level of dependency raises concerns over national security and energy independence. During the morning press briefing, President Sheinbaum highlighted the technological changes necessary for extracting unconventional gas within the country. She noted that implementing the proposed measures could reduce reliance on U.S. imports from 75 percent to 50 percent. However, she acknowledged that economic feasibility remained under review by the expert panel. The president emphasized that energy sovereignty required minimizing environmental impact while ensuring national self-sufficiency. Experts also addressed potential environmental risks associated with sampling and extraction procedures. They stated there were no identified risks related to drilling operations aimed at confirming the presence of saline water deep underground, disconnected from shallow aquifers. Nevertheless, they recommended conducting preliminary studies and drilling to verify the existence of unconventional gas reserves. These assessments would help determine whether the resource can be extracted safely and sustainably. The scientific committee outlined several key recommendations, including accelerating the integration of renewable energy sources, implementing nationwide energy efficiency programs, increasing domestic production of conventional natural gas, and eliminating gas flaring linked to oil production. They advised against extracting unconventional gas in the Tampico-Misantla basin due to its high population density and indigenous communities. Instead, they suggested focusing on regions like Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas, where such activities might have fewer social and environmental repercussions. Other proposals included using saline water instead of fresh water in hydraulic fracturing processes, reusing water used in extraction, avoiding toxic chemicals, and establishing independent monitoring systems to ensure groundwater integrity, hydrological balance, seismic activity tracking, ecosystem protection, and technical advisory support. Experts underscored the importance of obtaining free, informed consent from affected populations before initiating any extraction projects. Local supply chains should be encouraged to stimulate regional employment opportunities. Environmental organizations have called for a constitutional ban on fracking following the scientific committee's report, citing concerns over long-term sustainability and ecological damage. Meanwhile, some analysts argue that unconventional gas extraction could play a role in reducing energy imports and enhancing national energy security, provided strict regulations are enforced to mitigate environmental harm. As the debate continues, the Mexican government will likely proceed cautiously, balancing economic interests with environmental stewardship and public health considerations.
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