Kurdish conflict in Turkey Turkey takes next step in peace process with PKK

Turkey moves forward with its peace process with the PKK by considering an amnesty law aimed at reintegrating thousands of members and supporters into Turkish society. The Turkish parliament has begun deliberations on legislation that would suspend sentences and charges related to PKK membership, propaganda, or support for up to five years, with longer suspensions for more severe offenses. According to reports, this could lead to the release of approximately 3,600 individuals currently held in custody. However, the proposed law explicitly excludes high-ranking PKK officials and those convicted before June 1, 2005, or for murder committed on behalf of the PKK. This means that Abdullah Öcalan, the founder of the PKK who has been in prison since 1999, will not benefit from the measure. The amnesty law represents a pivotal phase in the ongoing peace talks between the Turkish government and the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). While the legislation aims to facilitate the return of ordinary members and supporters of the PKK to mainstream society, it does not extend to the organization’s leadership. Öcalan, whose release had long been a central demand of the PKK, remains incarcerated. Despite this exclusion, the pro-Kurdish Democratic Society Party (DEM) supports the proposed law and participates in the peace process. A delegation from the DEM visited Öcalan in prison last weekend and reportedly conveyed his approval of the initiative, which has accelerated progress in negotiations. Öcalan continues to play a critical role in shaping the direction of the peace process despite his prolonged imprisonment. Free journalist Thomas Seibert based in Istanbul noted that while Kurdish factions had hoped for more concessions, the fact that Öcalan endorses the current developments is crucial. He emphasized that Öcalan retains substantial influence over the Kurdish movement and is still viewed as a leading figure. Seibert added that Öcalan likely did not expect his own release, instead seeing himself as a historical figure capable of fostering reconciliation between Turks and Kurds. The peace process began after decades of violent conflict with the Turkish state. In May 2025, the PKK announced its dissolution following a call from Öcalan, and some fighters laid down their arms. The group also declared its withdrawal from Turkey to northern Iraq. The PKK remains designated as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the European Union, and the United States. The success of the peace process hinges on whether the planned releases actually take place. Seibert believes it is politically probable that the law will be implemented, given President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's ambitions for another term in office. Under the current constitution, Erdoğan cannot run again unless he secures additional parliamentary support. The DEM Party could potentially provide this backing, making it a key player in the political calculus. If the law is not enacted, Erdoğan might lose the support he needs, according to Seibert. The amnesty provisions will only come into effect once security authorities confirm the disbandment of the PKK and its affiliated groups. Specific timelines and conditions for implementation remain under discussion. The law’s impact on regional stability and domestic politics will depend heavily on how it is executed and perceived by both sides of the conflict. The Turkish government faces pressure to demonstrate tangible steps toward peace, while Kurdish communities await further assurances that their grievances will be addressed through dialogue rather than continued violence.