How ‘Ram’ tattoos in caste fight are defining a Kolkata Durga Puja pandal

In a unique blend of cultural expression and historical remembrance, a Durga Puja pandal in Kolkata this year is drawing attention for its tribute to the Ramnamis, a Dalit sect known for their tradition of tattooing the name "Ram" on their bodies. The Chaltabagan Durga Puja in north Kolkata, celebrating its 84th edition, has chosen to focus on the Ramnami heritage as its central theme, titled "Nishan." This decision highlights the significance of the Ramnamis' spiritual and social resistance against caste discrimination, which dates back more than a century. The Ramnamis originated in the late 19th century when a Dalit man named Parasuram tattooed "Ram" on his body after being denied entry to a temple in present-day Chhattisgarh. His act of defiance inspired others in the Dalit community, leading to the formation of the Ramnami sect. Members of this group continue to carry the name "Ram" on their skin, symbolizing their belief that God is omnipresent and accessible to all. However, in recent decades, many younger members have opted for fewer tattoos due to practical considerations such as employment opportunities in urban areas. The Chaltabagan Durga Puja committee has incorporated elements of the Ramnami tradition into its celebrations. Artist Aditi Chakraborty, who conceptualized the theme, emphasized the importance of the tattoo as a form of faith, protection, and quiet protest. She highlighted how the theme encompasses various cultural expressions across different regions of India. The puja's musical component includes a composition by renowned Hindustani classical musician Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt, who drew parallels between the Ramnamis' tattoos and the transmission of musical ragas across generations. The Chaltabagan Durga Puja, established in 1943, has long been recognized for its innovative themes and artistic presentations. Industrialist and BJP leader Shishir Bajoria, associated with the puja, noted that the event aims to create an immersive experience for visitors, reflecting broader cultural narratives beyond just religious observance. Meanwhile, another aspect of Durga Puja preparation in Kolkata has sparked debate regarding road safety. Authorities faced criticism after reports surfaced of two-wheelers skidding on the newly painted Chingrighata flyover following rainfall. In response, mechanical sweepers were deployed to remove the colorful paint and roughen the road surface, aiming to enhance traction. The initiative came amid concerns raised by road experts about the suitability of the materials used for such extensive road treatments. State urban development and municipal affairs minister Agnimitra Paul assured that the government would investigate the incidents and ensure the safety of road users. She mentioned that the materials used were intended to be anti-skid, though the effectiveness under wet conditions remains under review. Road engineers emphasized the necessity of conducting proper friction tests and adhering to prescribed standards for road marking materials. As the Durga Puja approaches, the juxtaposition of cultural homage and infrastructure challenges underscores the multifaceted nature of the festival in Kolkata, blending tradition with contemporary issues.