How a German submarine deal could test ‘Make in India’ ambitions

A major defense procurement deal involving Germany and India has taken another step forward, potentially serving as a crucial test for India's "Make in India" initiative. The agreement, which involves the construction of six advanced conventional submarines, is set to move closer to final approval after being reviewed by key government bodies. This $7.3 billion project, known as Project 75(I), aims to establish a robust domestic submarine manufacturing capability through collaboration with Germany's ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS). The production will take place primarily at Mumbai’s Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd, one of India’s leading public sector defense shipyards. The deal has faced delays spanning several years, largely due to the intricate process of evaluating detailed technical specifications and commercial agreements. Despite these challenges, German officials have recently expressed optimism about the likelihood of the deal concluding soon. The proposed agreement is expected to provide India with essential design and engineering expertise, enabling the country to develop a self-reliant submarine industry over time. This approach contrasts with previous procurement strategies that relied heavily on foreign-manufactured vessels. India's current fleet of conventional diesel-electric submarines consists of two-thirds that are over 25 years old, many of which are approaching the end of their operational lifespan. This aging fleet underscores the urgency of modernizing the naval capabilities to counter increasing underwater threats from neighboring countries, particularly Pakistan and China. The new submarines are intended to replace these older models, thereby enhancing the Indian Navy's strategic deterrence and operational readiness. In parallel developments, Pakistan has received its first submarine of the Chinese-built Hangor class, the PNS Hangor, which arrived in Karachi on June 11. This acquisition highlights the ongoing arms race in the region and the strategic importance of submarine technology for maritime security. The arrival of this vessel in Pakistan further emphasizes the need for India to strengthen its naval defenses through indigenous production and international partnerships. The Cabinet Committee on Security is anticipated to review the proposal in the coming weeks, marking a pivotal moment in the decision-making process. If approved, the deal would represent a significant milestone in India's efforts to reduce its dependence on foreign military equipment and foster a sustainable defense manufacturing ecosystem. The success of this endeavor will depend on the ability of Indian industries to absorb and apply the technological knowledge transferred through the partnership with TKMS. As the situation unfolds, the outcome of this deal will likely influence future defense collaborations and policy decisions related to national security and economic self-sufficiency. The progress of Project 75(I) will be closely watched by both domestic stakeholders and international observers, given its implications for regional stability and India's broader strategic objectives. The next phase of negotiations and approvals will determine whether this ambitious initiative can successfully transition from planning to execution.