First US prison synagogue stages new exhibit with story of Jewish inmates who built it

Eastern State Penitentiary, located in Philadelphia’s Fairmount neighborhood, has unveiled a new permanent exhibition titled “Freedom through Faith: Judaism at Eastern State and Beyond.” This exhibit explores the rich Jewish history within the historic prison, including the story of the first Jewish synagogue ever constructed in an American correctional facility. The display highlights how Jewish inmates played a central role in building the synagogue, which was dedicated in 1929 as the Alfred W. Fleischer Memorial Synagogue. The prison, originally opened in 1829, served as a model for modern penitentiaries and housed notable figures such as Al Capone. After its closure in 1971, the site fell into disrepair until the late 1990s when it was transformed into a museum and tourist attraction. Despite its long history, the presence of Jewish prisoners dates back to the 1800s, and the need for a dedicated Jewish worship space grew over time. Concerns arose that Jewish inmates, who had previously prayed in the prison’s hospital, might face conversion pressures, prompting the community to push for a synagogue. The Alfred W. Fleischer Memorial Synagogue, named after a wealthy real estate magnate and benefactor of the institution, was the first known Jewish place of worship in an American prison. Jewish prisoners, along with support from Fleischer and other community members, were instrumental in constructing the synagogue. In the 1960s, the inmates themselves spearheaded a major renovation of the space, demonstrating both their commitment to their faith and their resilience within the confines of incarceration. The synagogue remained hidden beneath layers of rubble until 2004, when it was discovered during archaeological efforts. Following a fundraising campaign, the structure was meticulously restored and reopened in 2009. The recent exhibit marks a significant step in bringing attention to the historical and cultural significance of the space, particularly its role in fostering religious freedom among incarcerated individuals. Developed over the course of a year, the exhibition was created by consultant Beth Tinker. It is part of a larger initiative commemorating the nation’s 250th anniversary of independence, known as “A Time For Liberty.” The exhibit includes an online component, allowing wider access to the narratives and artifacts associated with the prison’s Jewish heritage. Tinker emphasized the importance of focusing on the humanity of the individuals behind the historical records, highlighting their contributions and personal stories beyond their legal transgressions. Among the compelling stories uncovered during the research phase was that of Joseph Paull, a Jewish circus performer who visited the synagogue in the 1920s. Paull, who later became a prominent figure in the Jewish community, maintained close ties with the prisoners he encountered. His correspondence revealed heartfelt requests from fellow inmates seeking assistance with employment, parole, and even basic provisions like kosher food. These letters underscore the deep connections formed between the prisoners and the local Jewish community. The exhibit also delves into the lives of Jewish prisoners prior to the synagogue’s construction, offering insights into the challenges they faced and the ways they navigated their faith within the prison system. By showcasing these narratives, the exhibition aims to illuminate the enduring legacy of religious freedom and communal support within one of America’s oldest prisons.