Expert on Islamism on the Internet: Reality is distorted and amplified

Experts warn that Islamic extremism is increasingly using social media platforms and artificial intelligence tools to reach younger audiences, according to a recent interview with Jamuna Oehlmann, a leading figure in the fight against religiously motivated extremism in Germany. Oehlmann, who serves as executive director of the Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft religiös begründeter Extremismus (Bag RelEx), highlighted how extremist groups have adapted their strategies to exploit digital spaces more effectively than ever before. The discussion came amid growing concerns over the role of online platforms in spreading radical ideologies. Oehlmann noted that Islamic extremists have long recognized the power of new technologies, including social media, to amplify their message. She pointed to the 2025 incident involving Abdul B., who drove into a crowd during the Berlin Pride parade and was later found to have been distributing propaganda videos for ISIS online. This case exemplifies how extremists can use digital means to recruit and influence individuals, even in public spaces. In response to questions about the nature of these online actors, Oehlmann explained that “islamistischer Akteur” refers to both organized groups and individual influencers. Groups such as Hizb ut-Tahrir maintain online presences through subgroups like “Generation Islam,” “Realität Islam,” and “Muslim Interaktiv.” While some of these groups were banned by authorities, others continue under different names. These entities often feature individuals who appear as regular influencers, some legally aligned with traditional Islamic values, while others exhibit Salafist tendencies without belonging to formal organizations. Their common goal is to attract young audiences and promote extremist ideologies. Oehlmann emphasized that these figures understand the mechanics of social media engagement. They follow the logic of visibility and charisma, drawing followers who find them relatable or inspiring. She cited the example of Hanna Hansen, a former boxer and model who has transitioned into becoming an influential figure within Islamic extremist circles. Such cases challenge stereotypes that associate Islamic extremism primarily with men, as women are also being targeted through content tailored to their interests and perceived roles in society. The expert also addressed the blurred lines between content creators and consumers in the digital space. Unlike traditional media, where production and consumption are clearly separated, social media allows users to shift roles easily. A viewer today might become a commentator or content sharer tomorrow. This fluidity enables extremists to engage directly with potential recruits through comments and private messages, fostering deeper connections. Oehlmann acknowledged that while overtly extremist material is less visible publicly, it often appears in direct messages or closed groups on platforms like Telegram or gaming sites such as Roblox. These spaces are typically accessed after initial exposure through public posts, suggesting a layered approach to recruitment. The increasing use of AI tools further complicates efforts to monitor and counter such activities, as algorithms can help spread extremist content more efficiently. The German government has faced criticism for its handling of this issue. Oehlmann previously served on the federal ministry’s task force for Islamist prevention, which was recently disbanded by Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt. This move has raised questions about the continuity of policy and the effectiveness of current measures against online radicalization. As technology evolves, so too must the strategies used to combat the spread of extremist ideas in digital environments.