The EU's new packaging regulation goes into effect on 12 August: what really changes (and what doesn't)

The new European Union regulation on packaging comes into effect on August 12, marking a key step in the bloc’s efforts to reduce waste and promote sustainable practices. The regulation, known as the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR), is one of the most ambitious measures within the EU's Green Deal, a set of policies aimed at reducing environmental and climate impacts. After more than two years of legislative debate involving governments, businesses, and environmental groups, the rules will apply across all EU member states, including Italy. While the date of August 12 signals the start of implementation, many of the most notable restrictions, such as bans on certain single-use packaging and requirements for reuse, will not take effect until later. This gradual rollout allows companies time to adjust their production processes. For example, the ban on single-use packaging for fresh fruits and vegetables under 1.5 kilograms, along with similar restrictions for beverages and food items consumed in restaurants and cafes, will only begin in 2030. Additionally, small portioned products such as condiments, sauces, coffee creamers, sugar, and mini toiletry packs used in hotels will also face these restrictions starting in 2030. The primary goal of the new regulations is to significantly cut down on packaging waste, encourage reusable alternatives over disposable ones, improve recycling quality, and limit the use of harmful substances. According to Brussels-based estimates, packaging constitutes one of the largest streams of waste generated in the EU. On average, each European citizen produces nearly 190 kilograms of packaging waste annually. Without regulatory intervention, this amount is projected to rise further by 2030. The issue extends beyond plastic, affecting paper and cardboard as well. The increase in online shopping, food delivery services, and consumption of single-serving products has intensified the problem. Starting August 12, producers will be subject to stricter rules regarding the use of PFAS, often referred to as “forever chemicals” due to their extreme persistence in the environment. The regulation prohibits the sale of food packaging containing levels of PFAS exceeding specified thresholds, aiming to protect consumers from exposure and reduce environmental contamination. Limits on heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium remain unchanged. Despite these changes, some common packaging types will still be allowed. Single-use takeaway containers, single-use paper packaging in establishments (as long as they contain less than 5% plastic by weight), and pre-washed, pre-cut salad bags will continue to be available, provided there is evidence that they help prevent water or freshness loss. Furthermore, compostable packaging has been exempted upon request from Italy. In addition to reducing unnecessary packaging, the new regulation aims to enhance the clarity of labeling for waste sorting. Uniform labels for different categories of recyclables will become mandatory starting in 2028, helping consumers better identify which materials can be recycled and how. As the regulation begins its phased implementation, industries and consumer groups will need to adapt to evolving standards. While the immediate impact may be limited, the long-term shift toward sustainability is expected to reshape packaging practices across Europe. The full effects of the PPWR will likely become clearer in the coming years as compliance progresses and enforcement mechanisms take shape.