When the former addict met the philosopher of addiction: "Society promotes abuse, but punishes you for being an addict".

The story of Alejandra, a former addict who has now been clean for six years, intertwines with the insights of José Antonio Marina, an 86-year-old philosopher and educator whose recent book, La vacuna contra las adicciones, explores the roots and potential solutions to addiction. Their conversation reveals a deep understanding of how addiction is not merely a medical issue but a complex response to deeper psychological and societal challenges. Alejandra's journey began in her early teens when she first experimented with alcohol, followed by cannabis, and eventually benzodiazepines. Her descent into addiction was marked by a psychotic episode at age 14, which led to a stay in a psychiatric ward. Though she managed to avoid being hospitalized, the experience left a lasting impact on her life. It was then that she was prescribed benzodiazepines, setting off a spiral of dependency that would last until she was 16. During this time, Alejandra endured severe physical and emotional suffering, including vomiting blood, extreme weight loss, and prolonged periods of hospitalization. She describes feeling as though she were on the brink of death, and it wasn't until another hospitalization that she finally decided to seek help and begin her recovery.

Marina’s perspective offers a broader analysis of addiction, framing it not as a standalone problem but rather as a flawed solution to underlying issues. He emphasizes that addiction often emerges from a lack of coping mechanisms, particularly in individuals who feel overwhelmed by their circumstances. This idea is central to his concept of the "factor h," derived from the Greek word heurística, meaning the ability to find solutions. According to Marina, many people prone to addictive behaviors suffer from a deficit in their capacity to solve problems effectively. This deficiency increases the likelihood of turning to harmful substances or behaviors as a means of escape or relief. His work suggests that developing problem-solving skills should be a crucial component of education, helping individuals build resilience against such vulnerabilities.

Alejandra’s narrative highlights the personal toll of addiction, describing how it affected nearly every aspect of her life. From a young age, she struggled with feelings of isolation and disconnection, which contributed to her initial experimentation with drugs. The transition from recreational use to dependence was gradual yet inevitable, driven by a need to cope with emotional pain and a sense of inadequacy. Her relationship with another person also played a significant role, one marked by violence and further exacerbating her condition. Despite these challenges, Alejandra found the strength to break free from her cycle of addiction after years of struggle. Today, she leads a fulfilling life, pursuing studies in psychology and engaging in activities that bring her joy and purpose.

Marina’s reflections extend beyond individual experiences, addressing the broader societal factors that contribute to addiction. He argues that modern society encourages behaviors that can lead to dependency while simultaneously stigmatizing those who become addicted. This contradiction creates a paradox where individuals may feel compelled to engage in harmful practices due to environmental pressures, only to face judgment and exclusion once they recognize the need for change. His book advocates for a cultural shift that acknowledges the complexity of addiction and supports those seeking recovery without shame or stigma.

In discussing the importance of memory, Marina underscores its role in shaping identity and guiding future actions. He believes that remembering past struggles can serve as a powerful motivator for healing and growth. For Alejandra, this process has been transformative, allowing her to rebuild her life with renewed determination and self-respect. Her journey from despair to hope illustrates the possibility of overcoming even the most entrenched patterns of behavior through perseverance and support.

Looking ahead, both Alejandra and Marina emphasize the need for continued dialogue around addiction, highlighting the value of interdisciplinary approaches that combine psychological insight, philosophical reflection, and practical strategies for recovery. They advocate for policies that address the root causes of addiction, promote mental health awareness, and foster environments conducive to healing. As Alejandra reflects on her newfound freedom, she expresses gratitude for the path that led her here, recognizing that each challenge faced has ultimately shaped her into the resilient individual she is today.