A solar eclipse is approaching: experts warn that sunglasses will not be enough

As the solar eclipse approaches on August 12, experts are warning that ordinary sunglasses will not provide adequate protection against the intense radiation emitted during this celestial event. The phenomenon, visible across much of Europe including parts of Slovenia, has sparked concern among medical professionals and astronomers who emphasize the risks associated with improper viewing methods. This alert comes as millions prepare to witness the total eclipse in Spain and partial eclipses in France, Slovenia, and other regions across the continent. The primary danger lies in the invisible infrared and ultraviolet rays that can penetrate the eye's defenses when viewed without proper equipment. These rays can cause severe damage to the retina, leading to a condition known as solar retinopathy. Unlike visible light, which our eyes naturally react to by blinking or squinting, these harmful rays pass undetected, causing irreversible harm over time. Symptoms such as blurred vision and dark spots in the center of the visual field often appear hours after exposure, but the damage may already be permanent by then. Ordinary sunglasses, regardless of their price or level of tint, create a false sense of security. While they reduce glare and visible brightness, they do not block the dangerous non-visible radiation. In fact, the reduced light intensity can cause the pupil to dilate, allowing more harmful rays into the eye. This makes even brief glances toward the sun potentially damaging. To ensure safety, specialized eclipse glasses must be used. These glasses meet strict international standards, specifically the ISO 12312-2 certification, which guarantees sufficient optical density to block both UV and infrared radiation, as well as almost all visible light. In Europe, such products must also carry the CE marking, indicating compliance with safety regulations. Each pair should include clear manufacturer information and usage instructions. It is crucial to inspect the glasses before each use, as any cracks, scratches, or peeling filters significantly reduce their protective effectiveness. If the lens appears lighter than usual, it indicates degradation and the glasses should be discarded immediately. To avoid counterfeit products, consumers are advised to purchase such equipment exclusively from verified sources. Experts strongly refute the belief that observing a partial eclipse is safe. Even in areas where the moon covers nearly the entire surface of the sun—such as in the French town of Hendaye, where obscuration reaches 99.6 percent—the remaining light is still enough to cause serious eye injuries. The natural dilation of the pupil caused by darkness allows more harmful rays to enter the eye, increasing the risk of damage. The only moment when it is safe to remove protective eyewear is during the brief period of totality, when the sun is completely obscured by the moon. However, this phase will be visible in Europe only along a narrow path crossing Spain, from La Coruña to the Balearic Islands. Although this region will remain a focal point for astronomical events in the coming years, with two central eclipses predicted for 2027 and 2028, the current eclipse offers a rare opportunity for observation that requires careful preparation and adherence to safety guidelines. In response to growing public interest, health authorities and astronomy organizations have launched awareness campaigns to educate the public about the dangers of improper viewing practices. They stress the importance of using certified equipment and avoiding homemade solutions or unverified alternatives. With the eclipse approaching, ensuring that everyone has access to accurate information and appropriate tools is essential to prevent unnecessary harm.