Art and protection of the living: sculptures against trawlers in Italy

In the coastal waters off the Italian coast, a bold artistic movement has emerged as a direct challenge to industrial fishing practices. A group of artists and activists, led by fisherman Paolo Fanciulli, have created underwater sculptures designed to block trawlers, large fishing vessels that scrape the ocean floor and destroy marine habitats. The project, known as Casa dei Pesci (“House of Fish”), represents a unique blend of art and environmental activism, aiming to physically prevent overfishing while raising awareness about the ecological crisis facing the seas. The initiative began with Fanciulli’s personal struggle against the degradation of his local marine environment. Over the years, he became increasingly concerned about the impact of trawling on marine life and the sustainability of traditional fishing methods. In response, he reached out to fellow artists, including sculptor Emily Young and performance artist Maurizio Cattelan, who shared his vision of using creative expression to address environmental issues. Together, they developed a series of large-scale sculptures made from recycled materials and placed strategically in key fishing zones. These structures, resembling coral reefs and other natural formations, act as physical barriers to trawler nets, preventing them from dragging their heavy gear across the seabed. The sculptures were installed in the Adriatic Sea near the town of Rimini, a region historically reliant on fishing for its economy. According to Giovanni Contardi, president of Casa dei Pesci, the installations have already had a noticeable effect. Local fishermen report that trawlers are avoiding these areas due to the risk of entanglement with the sculptures. “This isn’t just art,” Contardi explained. “It’s a form of resistance. We’re creating obstacles that force change.” The project has also sparked discussions among policymakers and environmental groups about the need for more sustainable fishing regulations. Fanciulli, who once relied solely on traditional fishing techniques, now sees himself as both an artist and an advocate. He describes the transition from fisherman to activist as a necessary evolution. “I used to think my work was simply catching fish,” he said. “Now I realize my role is to protect them.” His collaboration with Young and Cattelan has transformed the project into a global conversation about the intersection of creativity and conservation. The sculptures, which are periodically maintained and updated, serve as both functional tools and symbolic statements of defiance against destructive fishing practices. The project has drawn attention beyond Italy, with international media outlets highlighting the innovative approach to environmental advocacy. Some experts argue that such interventions could be part of a broader strategy to reduce the damage caused by bottom-trawling, a method responsible for destroying vast amounts of marine biodiversity. However, there are also concerns about the legal implications of placing objects in restricted maritime zones. While some authorities have expressed support for the initiative, others warn that unauthorized installations could lead to conflicts with commercial fisheries. Looking ahead, the team plans to expand the project to other regions affected by similar environmental challenges. They hope to collaborate with marine biologists and engineers to refine the design of the sculptures, making them even more effective at deterring trawlers. Meanwhile, they continue to engage with local communities, holding workshops and exhibitions to educate people about the importance of preserving marine ecosystems. For now, the underwater sculptures stand as a tangible symbol of the fight for the sea’s future.