Alberta lets the dogs out in war against invasive mussels species

Alberta has deployed additional trained dogs to bolster efforts against invasive mussels, which have become a growing concern in the region. Two black Labrador Retrievers and a black Lab-cross, named Hilo, Jane, and Winnie, are now assisting human inspectors in scanning boats entering the province. These canines are part of a specialized program aimed at preventing the spread of aquatic invasive species, particularly golden, zebra, and quagga mussels, which originate from Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia. The mussels, known for their ability to thrive in damp, dark environments and their small, nearly invisible presence, pose a serious threat to local ecosystems. They act as filter feeders, consuming nutrients and potentially disrupting the food chain by reducing available resources for native fish species. This disruption could lead to a decline in populations of larger fish in Alberta’s lakes. Since the 1980s, these mussels have spread through the Great Lakes and other Canadian waterways, and recent reports indicate that golden mussels have already established themselves in California, raising concerns about their potential arrival in Alberta. To combat this threat, Alberta began inspecting boats in 2013, with the introduction of trained dogs two years later. Currently, there are 11 inspection stations across the province. Human inspectors examine boats using visual checks and tactile methods, rubbing down hulls to detect the coarse texture associated with early-stage mussels. However, trained dogs offer a more efficient approach, relying on their highly sensitive sense of smell to identify even the smallest traces of mussels. When a dog successfully identifies mussels, it is rewarded with a special toy designed to reinforce positive behavior during training sessions. The dogs are trained to associate the detection of mussels with excitement and reward, building a strong bond between handler and animal. This connection allows handlers to interpret subtle cues from the dogs, such as changes in behavior or body language, indicating the presence of hidden mussels. For example, Hilo, nicknamed “The Professor” due to his meticulous search patterns, has been a key member of the team since the program’s beginning. Originally a guide dog in California, Hilo transitioned to this role after retiring from his previous position. He has demonstrated remarkable skill, including identifying mussels hidden in tall reeds during training exercises in Texas. Other members of the team include Winnie, who was rescued from a shelter, and Jane, who was found in Mexico. A fourth dog, Diesel, serves in a supervisory capacity, having retired from active duty. Training for these canines is rigorous, and only a small percentage, fewer than one in 1,000—possess the necessary drive and stamina for the job. Once trained, the dogs are capable of conducting inspections on shorelines, beaches, and docks, expanding their utility beyond just examining boats. Sawchuk, the lead for Alberta’s Aquatic Invasive Species Operations and Conservation Canine Program, emphasizes the importance of the bond between dogs and handlers. She describes Hilo as a family member, highlighting the trust and communication that underpin their collaborative efforts. This partnership ensures that both humans and animals are working together effectively to protect Alberta’s waters from the encroachment of invasive species. As the threat of mussels grows closer, the continued involvement of these trained canines remains crucial in maintaining the province’s current status as free from these harmful invaders.